气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Stratospheric ozone over the United States in summer linked to observations of convection and temperature via chlorine and bromine catalysis

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1619318114
	Stratospheric ozone over the United States in summer linked to observations of convection and temperature via chlorine and bromine catalysis
	Anderson J.G.; Weisenstein D.K.; Bowman K.P.; Homeyer C.R.; Smith J.B.; Wilmouth D.M.; Sayres D.S.; Klobas J.E.; Leroy S.S.; Dykema J.A.; Wofsy S.C.
发表日期	2017
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	E4905
结束页码	E4913
卷号	114 期号:25
英文摘要	We present observations defining (i) the frequency and depth of convective penetration of water into the stratosphere over the United States in summer using the Next-Generation Radar system; (ii) the altitude-dependent distribution of inorganic chlorine established in the same coordinate system as the radar observations; (iii) the high resolution temperature structure in the stratosphere over the United States in summer that resolves spatial and structural variability, including the impact of gravity waves; and (iv) the resulting amplification in the catalytic loss rates of ozone for the dominant halogen, hydrogen, and nitrogen catalytic cycles. The weather radar observations of ∼2, 000 storms, on average, each summer that reach the altitude of rapidly increasing available inorganic chlorine, coupled with observed temperatures, portend a risk of initiating rapid heterogeneous catalytic conversion of inorganic chlorine to free radical form on ubiquitous sulfate-water aerosols; this, in turn, engages the element of risk associated with ozone loss in the stratosphere over the central United States in summer based upon the same reaction network that reduces stratospheric ozone over the Arctic. The summertime development of the upper-level anticyclonic flow over the United States, driven by the North American Monsoon, provides a means of retaining convectively injected water, thereby extending the time for catalytic ozone loss over the Great Plains. Trusted decadal forecasts of UV dosage over the United States in summer require understanding the response of this dynamical and photochemical system to increased forcing of the climate by increasing levels of CO2 and CH4.
英文关键词	Climate change; Convection; Stratospheric ozone; UV radiation human health effects; Water vapor
语种	英语
scopus关键词	bromine; chlorine; ozone; sulfate; aircraft; altitude; Article; catalysis; geographic distribution; Northern Hemisphere; ozone layer; photochemistry; priority journal; stratosphere; summer; surface area; telecommunication; temperature; temperature measurement; temperature sensitivity; thermodynamics; United States; volcano; water vapor
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160623
作者单位	Anderson, J.G., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; Weisenstein, D.K., Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; Bowman, K.P., Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Homeyer, C.R., School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States; Smith, J.B., Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; Wilmouth, D.M., Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; Sayres, D.S., Harvard John A. Paulson...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Anderson J.G.,Weisenstein D.K.,Bowman K.P.,et al. Stratospheric ozone over the United States in summer linked to observations of convection and temperature via chlorine and bromine catalysis[J],2017,114(25).
APA	Anderson J.G..,Weisenstein D.K..,Bowman K.P..,Homeyer C.R..,Smith J.B..,...&Wofsy S.C..(2017).Stratospheric ozone over the United States in summer linked to observations of convection and temperature via chlorine and bromine catalysis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,114(25).
MLA	Anderson J.G.,et al."Stratospheric ozone over the United States in summer linked to observations of convection and temperature via chlorine and bromine catalysis".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114.25(2017).