气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1907517116
	A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators
	Needham D.M.; Yoshizawa S.; Hosaka T.; Poirier C.; Choi C.J.; Hehenberger E.; Irwin N.A.T.; Wilken S.; Yung C.-M.; Bachy C.; Kurihara R.; Nakajima Y.; Kojima K.; Kimura-Someya T.; Leonard G.; Malmstrom R.R.; Mende D.R.; Olson D.K.; Sudo Y.; Sudek S.; Richards T.A.; DeLong E.F.; Keeling P.J.; Santoro A.E.; Shirouzu M.; Iwasaki W.; Worden A.Z.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	20574
结束页码	20583
卷号	116 期号:41
英文摘要	Giant viruses are remarkable for their large genomes, often rivaling those of small bacteria, and for having genes thought exclusive to cellular life. Most isolated to date infect nonmarine protists, leaving their strategies and prevalence in marine environments largely unknown. Using eukaryotic single-cell metagenomics in the Pacific, we discovered a Mimiviridae lineage of giant viruses, which infects choanoflagellates, widespread protistan predators related to metazoans. The ChoanoVirus genomes are the largest yet from pelagic ecosystems, with 442 of 862 predicted proteins lacking known homologs. They are enriched in enzymes for modifying organic compounds, including degradation of chitin, an abundant polysaccharide in oceans, and they encode 3 divergent type-1 rhodopsins (VirR) with distinct evolutionary histories from those that capture sunlight in cellular organisms. One (VirRDTS) is similar to the only other putative rhodopsin from a virus (PgV) with a known host (a marine alga). Unlike the algal virus, ChoanoViruses encode the entire pigment biosynthesis pathway and cleavage enzyme for producing the required chromophore, retinal. We demonstrate that the rhodopsin shared by ChoanoViruses and PgV binds retinal and pumps protons. Moreover, our 1.65-Å resolved VirRDTS crystal structure and mutational analyses exposed differences from previously characterized type-1 rhodopsins, all of which come from cellular organisms. Multiple VirR types are present in metagenomes from across surface oceans, where they are correlated with and nearly as abundant as a canonical marker gene from Mimiviridae. Our findings indicate that light-dependent energy transfer systems are likely common components of giant viruses of photosynthetic and phagotrophic unicellular marine eukaryotes. © 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Giant viruses; Host–virus interactions; Marine carbon cycle; Single-cell genomics; Viral evolution
语种	英语
scopus关键词	chitin; rhodopsin; RNA 18S; algal virus; Article; biosynthesis; carbohydrate metabolism; choanoflagellate; choanovirus; chromatophore; controlled study; crystal structure; energy transfer; gene amplification; gene sequence; gene transfer; genetic correlation; giant virus; hydrogen bond; marine environment; metagenomics; Mimiviridae; mutational analysis; Natronomonas pharaonis; nonhuman; photosynthesis; prevalence; priority journal; protein analysis; protein metabolism; protistan community; single cell analysis; virus cell interaction; virus forms; virus morphology
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160430
作者单位	Needham, D.M., Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, United States; Yoshizawa, S., Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan; Hosaka, T., Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Poirier, C., Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, United States, Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24105, Germany; Choi, C.J., Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, United States, Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24105, Germany; Hehenberger, E., Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, United States, Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24105, Germany; Irwin, N.A.T., Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Needham D.M.,Yoshizawa S.,Hosaka T.,et al. A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators[J],2019,116(41).
APA	Needham D.M..,Yoshizawa S..,Hosaka T..,Poirier C..,Choi C.J..,...&Worden A.Z..(2019).A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,116(41).
MLA	Needham D.M.,et al."A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116.41(2019).