气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Ultrahigh foraging rates of Baikal seals make tiny endemic amphipods profitable in Lake Baikal

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2014021117
	Ultrahigh foraging rates of Baikal seals make tiny endemic amphipods profitable in Lake Baikal
	Watanabe Y.Y.; Baranov E.A.; Miyazaki N.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	31242
结束页码	31248
卷号	117 期号:49
英文摘要	Understanding what, how, and how often apex predators hunt is important due to their disproportionately large effects on ecosystems. In Lake Baikal with rich endemic fauna, Baikal seals appear to eat, in addition to fishes, a tiny (<0.1 g) endemic amphipod Macrohectopus branickii (the world's only freshwater planktonic species). Yet, its importance as prey to seals is unclear. Globally, amphipods are rarely targeted by single-prey feeding (i.e., nonfilter-feeding) mammals, presumably due to their small size. If M. branickii is energetically important prey, Baikal seals would exhibit exceptionally high foraging rates, potentially with behavioral and morphological specializations. Here, we used animal-borne accelerometers and video cameras to record Baikal seal foraging behavior. Unlike the prevailing view that they predominantly eat fishes, they also hunted M. branickii at the highest rates (mean, 57 individuals per dive) ever recorded for single-prey feeding aquatic mammals, leading to thousands of catches per day. These rates were achieved by gradual changes in dive depth following the diel vertical migration ofM. branickii swarms. Examining museum specimens revealed that Baikal seals have the most specialized comb-like postcanine teeth in the subfamily Phocinae, allowing them to expel water while retaining prey during high-speed foraging. Our findings show unique mammal-amphipod interactions in an ancient lake, demonstrating that organisms even smaller than krill can be important prey for single-prey feeding aquatic mammals if the environment and predators' adaptations allow high foraging rates. Further, our finding that Baikal seals directly eat macroplankton may explain why they are so abundant in this ultraoligotrophic lake. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Biologging; Endemic species; Feeding morphology; Foraging behavior
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adaptation; Amphipoda; Article; body size; ecosystem; foraging; lake; Macrohectopus branickii; macroplankton; nonhuman; Pinnipedia; predator; prey; priority journal; software; videorecording
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160192
作者单位	Watanabe, Y.Y., National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan, Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan; Baranov, E.A., Baikal Seal Aquarium, Irkutsk, 664005, Russian Federation; Miyazaki, N., Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Watanabe Y.Y.,Baranov E.A.,Miyazaki N.. Ultrahigh foraging rates of Baikal seals make tiny endemic amphipods profitable in Lake Baikal[J],2020,117(49).
APA	Watanabe Y.Y.,Baranov E.A.,&Miyazaki N..(2020).Ultrahigh foraging rates of Baikal seals make tiny endemic amphipods profitable in Lake Baikal.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(49).
MLA	Watanabe Y.Y.,et al."Ultrahigh foraging rates of Baikal seals make tiny endemic amphipods profitable in Lake Baikal".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.49(2020).