气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling?

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1635156100
	Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling?
	Springer A.M.; Estes J.A.; Van Vliet G.B.; Williams T.M.; Doak D.F.; Danner E.M.; Forney K.A.; Pfister B.
发表日期	2003
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	12223
结束页码	12228
卷号	100 期号:21
英文摘要	Populations of seals, sea lions, and sea otters have sequentially collapsed over large areas of the northern North Pacific Ocean and southern Bering Sea during the last several decades. A bottom-up nutritional limitation mechanism induced by physical oceanographic change or competition with fisheries was long thought to be largely responsible for these declines. The current weight of evidence is more consistent with top-down forcing. Increased predation by killer whales probably drove the sea otter collapse and may have been responsible for the earlier pinniped declines as well. We propose that decimation of the great whales by post-World War II industrial whaling caused the great whales' foremost natural predators, killer whales, to begin feeding more intensively on the smaller marine mammals, thus "fishing-down" this element of the marine food web. The timing of these events, information on the abundance, diet, and foraging behavior of both predators and prey, and feasibility analyses based on demographic and energetic modeling are all consistent with this hypothesis.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	aquatic fauna; article; demography; diet; endangered species; energy transfer; fishing; food chain; foraging; hypothesis; industry; nonhuman; oceanography; Pacific Ocean; predator prey interaction; priority journal; sea; seal; war; whale; Animals; Dolphins; Ecosystem; Food Chain; Marine Biology; Models, Biological; Otters; Pacific Ocean; Predatory Behavior; Seals, Earless; Whales; Cetacea; Delphinidae; Enhydra lutris; Lutrinae; Mammalia; Otariidae; Phocidae; Pinnipedia
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/159198
作者单位	Springer, A.M., Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States; Estes, J.A., United States Geological Survey, Center for Ocean Health, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States; Van Vliet, G.B., P.O. Box 210442, Auke Bay, AK 99821, United States; Williams, T.M., Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States; Doak, D.F., Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States; Danner, E.M., Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States; Forney, K.A., National Marine Fisheries Service, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States; Pfister, B., National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98115, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Springer A.M.,Estes J.A.,Van Vliet G.B.,et al. Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling?[J],2003,100(21).
APA	Springer A.M..,Estes J.A..,Van Vliet G.B..,Williams T.M..,Doak D.F..,...&Pfister B..(2003).Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling?.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,100(21).
MLA	Springer A.M.,et al."Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling?".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100.21(2003).