气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Recovery of a top predator mediates negative eutrophic effects on seagrass

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.1302805110
	Recovery of a top predator mediates negative eutrophic effects on seagrass
	Hughes B.B.; Eby R.; Van Dyke E.; Tinker M.T.; Marks C.I.; Johnson K.S.; Wasson K.
发表日期	2013
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	15313
结束页码	15318
卷号	110 期号:38
英文摘要	A fundamental goal of the study of ecology is to determine the drivers of habitat-forming vegetation, with much emphasis given to the relative importance to vegetation of "bottom-up" forces such as the role of nutrients and "top-down" forces such as the influence of herbivores and their predators. For coastal vegetation (e.g., kelp, seagrass, marsh, and mangroves) it has been well demonstrated that alterations to bottom-up forcing can cause major disturbances leading to loss of dominant vegetation. One such process is anthropogenic nutrient loading, which can lead to major changes in the abundance and species composition of primary producers, ultimately affecting important ecosystem services. In contrast, much less is known about the relative importance of apex predators on coastal vegetated ecosystems because most top predator populations have been depleted or lost completely. Here we provide evidence that an unusual four-level trophic cascade applies in one such system, whereby a top predator mitigates the bottom-up influences of nutrient loading. In a study of seagrass beds in an estuarine ecosystem exposed to extreme nutrient loading, we use a combination of a 50-y time series analysis, spatial comparisons, and mesocosm and field experiments to demonstrate that sea otters (Enhydra lutris) promote the growth and expansion of eelgrass (Zostera marina) through a trophic cascade, counteracting the negative effects of agriculturally induced nutrient loading. Our results add to a small but growing body of literature illustrating that significant interactions between bottom-up and top-down forces occur, in this case with consequences for the conservation of valued ecosystem services provided by seagrass.
英文关键词	Estuary; Eutrophication; Food web; Resilience
语种	英语
scopus关键词	article; community; ecology; ecosystem; eutrophication; habitat; mesocosm; nonhuman; nutrient loading; otter; predator; priority journal; seagrass; time series analysis; trophic cascade; estuary; eutrophication; food web; resilience; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brachyura; California; Estuaries; Eutrophication; Food Chain; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Nitrates; Otters; Population Dynamics; Zosteraceae
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/159114
作者单位	Hughes, B.B., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States; Eby, R., Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, Watsonville, CA 95076, United States; Van Dyke, E., Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, Watsonville, CA 95076, United States; Tinker, M.T., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States, US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States; Marks, C.I., Seafloor Mapping Lab, Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, United States; Johnson, K.S., Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, United States; Wasson, K., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States, Elkhorn Slough National...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hughes B.B.,Eby R.,Van Dyke E.,et al. Recovery of a top predator mediates negative eutrophic effects on seagrass[J],2013,110(38).
APA	Hughes B.B..,Eby R..,Van Dyke E..,Tinker M.T..,Marks C.I..,...&Wasson K..(2013).Recovery of a top predator mediates negative eutrophic effects on seagrass.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,110(38).
MLA	Hughes B.B.,et al."Recovery of a top predator mediates negative eutrophic effects on seagrass".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110.38(2013).