气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): New Bidirectional Ammonia Flux Model in an Air Quality Model Coupled With an Agricultural Model

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DOI	10.1029/2019MS001728
	New Bidirectional Ammonia Flux Model in an Air Quality Model Coupled With an Agricultural Model
	Pleim J.E.; Ran L.; Appel W.; Shephard M.W.; Cady-Pereira K.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	19422466
起始页码	2934
结束页码	2957
卷号	11 期号:9
英文摘要	Ammonia surface flux is bidirectional; that is, net flux can be either upward or downward. In fertilized agricultural croplands and grasslands there is usually more emission than deposition especially in midday during warmer seasons. In North America, most of the ammonia emissions are from agriculture with a significant fraction of that coming from fertilizer. A new bidirectional ammonia flux modeling system has been developed in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which has close linkages with the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) agricultural ecosystem model. Daily inputs from EPIC are used to calculate soil ammonia concentrations that are combined with air concentrations in CMAQ to calculate bidirectional surface flux. The model is evaluated against surface measurements of NH3 concentrations, NH4 + and SO4 2− aerosol concentrations, NH4 + wet deposition measurements, and satellite retrievals of NH3 concentrations. The evaluation shows significant improvement over the base model without bidirectional ammonia flux. Comparisons to monthly average satellite retrievals show similar spatial distribution with the highest ammonia concentrations in the Central Valley of California (CA), the Snake River valley in Idaho, and the western High Plains. In most areas the model underestimates, but in the Central Valley of CA, it generally overestimates ammonia concentration. Case study analyses indicate that modeled high fluxes of ammonia in CA are often caused by anomalous high soil ammonia loading from EPIC for particular crop types. While further improvements to parameterizations in EPIC and CMAQ are recommended, this system is a significant advance over previous ammonia bidirectional surface flux models. ©2019. The Authors.
英文关键词	ammonia; bidirectional flux; CMAQ; EPIC; WRF
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Agriculture; Air quality; Climate models; Deposition; Ecosystems; Environmental protection; Landforms; Surface measurement; Aerosol concentration; Agricultural ecosystems; Ammonia concentrations; Bidirectional flux; CMAQ; Community multi-scale air qualities; Environmental policy; EPIC; Ammonia; agricultural modeling; air quality; ammonia; biogeochemical cycle; flux measurement
来源期刊	Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/156863
作者单位	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada; Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, MA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Pleim J.E.,Ran L.,Appel W.,et al. New Bidirectional Ammonia Flux Model in an Air Quality Model Coupled With an Agricultural Model[J],2019,11(9).
APA	Pleim J.E.,Ran L.,Appel W.,Shephard M.W.,&Cady-Pereira K..(2019).New Bidirectional Ammonia Flux Model in an Air Quality Model Coupled With an Agricultural Model.Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems,11(9).
MLA	Pleim J.E.,et al."New Bidirectional Ammonia Flux Model in an Air Quality Model Coupled With an Agricultural Model".Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11.9(2019).