气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Initial spacing of teak (Tectona grandis) in northern Lao PDR: Impacts on the growth of teak and companion crops

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2018.12.031
	Initial spacing of teak (Tectona grandis) in northern Lao PDR: Impacts on the growth of teak and companion crops
	Pachas A.N.A.; Sakanphet S.; Soukkhy O.; Lao M.; Savathvong S.; Newby J.C.; Souliyasack B.; Keoboualapha B.; Dieters M.J.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0378-1127
起始页码	77
结束页码	88
卷号	435
英文摘要	Teak (Tectona grandis) has been planted extensively by smallholder farmers in Luang Prabang province of northern Laos, primarily in small woodlots established at high initial stocking rates with little/no management until the largest trees are harvested selectively, commencing at 15–20 years after planting. This study used a Nelder wheel experiment planted in 2008, and measured annually after the end of the first 10 growing seasons, to evaluate the effects of the initial planting density on the growth of teak. The potential for intercropping established teak was also evaluated using this Nelder wheel, when the trees were 5–6 years of age, to emulate what might be achievable from companion cropping under an agroforestry system with teak. Individual tree diameter was maximised at the lowest initial stocking, but tree height showed optimum development between 637 and 1020 trees ha −1 . While standing volume (m 3 ha −1 ) was maximised at the highest initial stocking (2424 trees ha −1 ), merchantable volume maximised at initial stocking rates between 423 and 637 trees ha −1 . Companion cropping demonstrated that modest yields of maize, cassava and pigeon pea are possible under established teak, where the spacing between trees exceeds 8 m. Both maize and cassava achieved yields of over 2 t ha −1 with a spacing of 8 m between trees, while pigeon pea achieved 3 t ha −1 at 10 m spacing between trees. These results demonstrate that the adoption of reduced initial stocking rates for teak (i.e. below 1000 trees ha −1 ) can significantly increase the growth rates of teak, improving individual tree volumes, and potentially reducing time to commercial harvest. Further, where row spacing is at least 8–10 m, these results suggest that extended periods of companion cropping (2–6 years after planting) may be possible. Finally, given that Lao farmers are reluctant to adopt pre-commercial thinning, serious consideration should be given to the promotion of simple, regimes for teak woodlots using an initial stocking rate of around 600 trees ha −1 . Alleys widths of 10 m are recommended for farmers wishing to establish grow teak in an agroforestry system and extend the period for companion cropping. Nevertheless, revision of Government of Lao policy frameworks are required to support the adoption of more appropriate initial spacing in teak woodlots and agroforestry systems by smallholders. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Agroforestry systems; Competition; High-quality timber; Intercropping; Smallholders
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Competition; Plants (botany); Wheels; Agroforestry system; High quality; Intercropping; Planting density; Policy framework; Pre-commercial thinning; Smallholder farmers; Smallholders; Forestry; agricultural worker; agroforestry; cassava; commercial activity; competition (ecology); cropping practice; deciduous tree; ecological impact; experimental study; growing season; growth; growth rate; intercropping; legume; maize; plantation forestry; smallholder; stocking density; timber harvesting; wood quality; Competition; Forestry; Growth; Laos; Spacing; Tectona; Trees; Wheels; Laos; Luang Prabang; Cajanus cajan; Manihot esculenta; Tectona grandis; Zea mays
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/156194
作者单位	The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Brisbane, Australia; Upland Agriculture Research Center (UARC), Houay Khot, Xieng Ngeun District, Luang Prabang, Laos; Northern Agriculture and Forestry College (NAFC), Luang Prabang, Laos; Souphanouvong University, Faculty of Agriculture & Forest Resources, Luang Prabang District, Laos; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Vientiane, Laos
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Pachas A.N.A.,Sakanphet S.,Soukkhy O.,et al. Initial spacing of teak (Tectona grandis) in northern Lao PDR: Impacts on the growth of teak and companion crops[J],2019,435.
APA	Pachas A.N.A..,Sakanphet S..,Soukkhy O..,Lao M..,Savathvong S..,...&Dieters M.J..(2019).Initial spacing of teak (Tectona grandis) in northern Lao PDR: Impacts on the growth of teak and companion crops.Forest Ecology and Management,435.
MLA	Pachas A.N.A.,et al."Initial spacing of teak (Tectona grandis) in northern Lao PDR: Impacts on the growth of teak and companion crops".Forest Ecology and Management 435(2019).