气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): First-entry wildfires can create opening and tree clump patterns characteristic of resilient forests

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117659
	First-entry wildfires can create opening and tree clump patterns characteristic of resilient forests
	Kane V.R.; Bartl-Geller B.N.; North M.P.; Kane J.T.; Lydersen J.M.; Jeronimo S.M.A.; Collins B.M.; Monika Moskal L.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	454
英文摘要	A century of fire suppression has left fire-dependent forests of the western United States increasingly vulnerable to wildfire, drought, and insects. Forest managers are trying to improve resilience using treatments such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire; however, operational and resource constraints limit treatments to a fraction of the needed area each year. An alternative is to let wildfires burn under less-than-extreme fire weather where human lives and infrastructure are not at risk. We examined post-fire forest structure using airborne lidar data to determine whether a single wildland fire following an extended fire-free period could produce forest structures resembling fire-resilient historical conditions. We studied forest structures resulting from these “first-entry” fires in a forest with a history of timber management (2008 American River Complex Fires, Tahoe National Forest) and in a wilderness area (2009 Big Meadow Fire, Yosemite National Park). We compared the results of these first-entry fires with nearby reference areas that had experienced 2+ fires that burned predominately at low- and moderate-severity. We identified visible overstory trees from the lidar data and examined their patterns in terms of individuals, tree clumps, and openings. We found that moderate-severity fire effects in these first-entry fires produced similar patterns to the reference areas with area in openings at approximately 40% and trees predominately in small (2 to 4 trees) and medium (5–9 trees) clumps High-severity fire produced mortality likely to lead to large canopy openings that were historically uncharacteristic in these forests. As burn severity increased, the amount of the residual canopy area represented by taller trees (>16 m and especially >32 m) decreased, which could result from fires preferentially killing taller trees or from locations with taller trees more commonly experiencing lower burn severities. Our study suggests that first-entry fires allowed to burn under less-than-extreme conditions can reproduce spatial patterns resembling historical conditions resilient to fires and drought but possibly at the disproportionate expense of larger trees. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Burn severity; Forests; Frequent fire; ICO; Lidar; Openings; Reference areas; Resilience; Tall trees; Tree clumps
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Drought; Fires; Optical radar; Burn Severity; Forests; Openings; Reference areas; Resilience; Tall trees; Tree clumps; Forestry; canopy architecture; drought stress; lidar; mortality risk; overstory; stand structure; thinning; timber harvesting; wildfire; Drought; Fires; Forestry; Forests; Openings; Resilience; American River; California; Tahoe National Forest; United States; Yosemite National Park; Hexapoda
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/155690
作者单位	School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; USDA Forest Service, PSW Research Station, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546, United States; California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Fire and Resource Assessment Program, Sacramento, CA 95818, United States; University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kane V.R.,Bartl-Geller B.N.,North M.P.,et al. First-entry wildfires can create opening and tree clump patterns characteristic of resilient forests[J],2019,454.
APA	Kane V.R..,Bartl-Geller B.N..,North M.P..,Kane J.T..,Lydersen J.M..,...&Monika Moskal L..(2019).First-entry wildfires can create opening and tree clump patterns characteristic of resilient forests.Forest Ecology and Management,454.
MLA	Kane V.R.,et al."First-entry wildfires can create opening and tree clump patterns characteristic of resilient forests".Forest Ecology and Management 454(2019).