气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Silviculture at establishment of hardwood plantations is relatively ineffective in the presence of deer browsing

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118339
	Silviculture at establishment of hardwood plantations is relatively ineffective in the presence of deer browsing
	Redick C.H.; McKenna J.R.; Carlson D.E.; Jenkins M.A.; Jacobs D.F.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	474
英文摘要	Ungulate browsing limits forest regeneration on many reforestation and restoration sites. Silviculture can be used to mitigate the effects of ungulate damage by promoting rapid early growth of planted seedlings, but benefits may depend upon site characteristics and ungulate browse pressure. We studied the interactions among browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), use of genetically select seed sources, controlled-release fertilization (CRF) at planting, and site type (harvest openings and plantations) in a nine-year hardwood forest regeneration study. The experiment consisted of paired deer exclosure and control plots, with fertilization and seed source, established at two reforested clearcut sites and three afforested agricultural field sites in Indiana, USA. Our objectives were to examine treatment effects on growth (height and diameter), survival, and stem quality of four temperate deciduous hardwood species (northern red oak, white oak, black walnut, and black cherry). For all species, fencing had the greatest significant positive influence on survival (non-fenced: 50–72%, fenced: 71–75% by year 8) and growth (81–178% greater height and 90–167% greater diameter by year 8), as well as stem quality ratings. Fencing also increased (by 50–78%) the probability that black cherry and black walnut at afforested sites (as well as northern red oak at both site types) would reach free-to-grow status by year 5. We observed gains in height and diameter from CRF only during the first three years for fenced black cherry (11% greater height and 14% greater diameter in year 3), and for white oak regardless of fencing (13% greater height and 10% greater diameter in year 3). Genetically select seed sources had the greatest and most consistent growth benefit for black walnut (81% greater height and 50% greater diameter by year 8). Early growth was improved in genetically select P. serotina vs. non-select sources (11% greater height in year 3) but differences faded by the fifth growing season, while superior growth of genetically select Q. rubra began to manifest only after year 5 (16% greater height 21% greater diameter by year 8). In addition, select northern red oaks had an 8% greater probability of reaching free-to-grow status by year 5 and black walnuts at afforested sites had a 13% greater probability of reaching free-to-grow status. Without protection from herbivory, genetically improved sources did not realize their full potential for enhanced growth. Our results from this nine-year-long hardwood plantation experiment confirm that without browse protection, additional silvicultural treatments are unlikely to improve regeneration performance. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Controlled-release fertilizer; Deer herbivory; Ecological restoration; Forest regeneration; Hardwood species; Tree improvement
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Agricultural robots; Conservation; Hardwoods; Probability; Reforestation; Agricultural fields; Controlled release; Experiment confirm; Forest regeneration; Hardwood plantations; Regeneration performance; Silvicultural treatments; Site characteristics; Seed; browsing; deciduous tree; forest ecosystem; growth rate; plantation forestry; reforestation; silviculture; ungulate; wood; Conservation; Diameter; Growth; Hardwoods; Height; Probability; Reforestation; Indiana; United States; Cervidae; Juglans nigra; Odocoileus virginianus; Prunus serotina; Quercus alba; Quercus rubra; Ungulata
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/155114
作者单位	Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Redick C.H.,McKenna J.R.,Carlson D.E.,et al. Silviculture at establishment of hardwood plantations is relatively ineffective in the presence of deer browsing[J],2020,474.
APA	Redick C.H.,McKenna J.R.,Carlson D.E.,Jenkins M.A.,&Jacobs D.F..(2020).Silviculture at establishment of hardwood plantations is relatively ineffective in the presence of deer browsing.Forest Ecology and Management,474.
MLA	Redick C.H.,et al."Silviculture at establishment of hardwood plantations is relatively ineffective in the presence of deer browsing".Forest Ecology and Management 474(2020).