气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Complex drivers of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) regeneration reveal challenges to long-term sustainability of managed northern hardwood forests

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118541
	Complex drivers of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) regeneration reveal challenges to long-term sustainability of managed northern hardwood forests
	Henry C.R.; Walters M.B.; Finley A.O.; Roloff G.J.; Farinosi E.J.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	479
英文摘要	Single-tree selection silviculture management of northern hardwood forests relies on natural tree regeneration for long-term sustainability, yet current trends in tree regeneration and recruitment elicit concern. Low densities of economically valuable sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in understories are often common, likely driven by many factors, including deer browsing, management-dictated stand structure, and site fertility/moisture regimes. However, landscape sugar maple regeneration patterns and relationships with underlying factors are largely unknown. We quantified associations of spatially varying factors with sugar maple regeneration using detailed vegetation and white-tailed deer winter fecal pellet surveys from 141 northern hardwood stands in Michigan, managed for decades with single-tree selection silviculture. We developed models of plot-level sugar maple regeneration counts for three key size classes as a function of plot- and stand-level predictors, including deer use, forest structure, and site quality. Among our 141 stands, sugar maple seedlings (<50 cm tall) were consistently abundant, averaging 69,000 stems ha−1 and present in 76% of plots per stand, on average (25 plots per stand, each 2 m2). In contrast, small (50–137 cm tall) and large (>137 cm tall and < 5 cm DBH) sugar maple sapling densities were much lower, averaging 2,300 and 1,100 stems ha−1, respectively, and occurring, on average, in 31% and 32% of plots per stand (25 plots per stand, each 12.6 m2). Under a wide range of potential sugar maple stocking criteria, most stands are understocked in saplings; e.g., only 29% of stands had > 2,500 small sugar maple sapling stems ha−1 and 35% of stands had > 1,000 large sapling stems ha−1. Based on our models, sapling densities negatively associated with deer use and were more abundant on medium than high quality sites. Across all size classes, negative associations with subcanopy trees and/or shrub densities suggest light limitation, whereas positive associations with sugar maple canopy trees > 25 cm DBH suggest persistent seed limitations. Overall, our study supports need for alternative forest and/or deer management strategies over much of the range of northern hardwood forests in Michigan to promote higher densities of large sugar maple regeneration for canopy recruitment. Medium quality sites with abundant large sugar maple canopy trees and low deer browsing pressure (for example, the deep snow region in the north western Upper Peninsula) are the exception; high sugar maple sapling densities suggest forests in this region are thriving under single-tree selection management. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Competition; Deer browsing; Northern hardwoods; Seed limitation; Site quality; Sugar maple regeneration
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Hardwoods; Sustainable development; Acer saccharum marsh; High-quality sites; Long-term sustainability; Northern hardwood forest; Northern hardwoods; Single tree selection; Single-tree selection silvicultures; Sugar maple saplings; Reforestation; fecal pellet; forest canopy; forest management; regeneration; silviculture; sustainability; Acer Saccharum; Hardwoods; Management; Reforestation; Stems; Trees; Michigan; United States; Upper Peninsula; Acer saccharum; Cervidae; Odocoileus virginianus
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154937
作者单位	Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Henry C.R.,Walters M.B.,Finley A.O.,et al. Complex drivers of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) regeneration reveal challenges to long-term sustainability of managed northern hardwood forests[J],2021,479.
APA	Henry C.R.,Walters M.B.,Finley A.O.,Roloff G.J.,&Farinosi E.J..(2021).Complex drivers of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) regeneration reveal challenges to long-term sustainability of managed northern hardwood forests.Forest Ecology and Management,479.
MLA	Henry C.R.,et al."Complex drivers of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) regeneration reveal challenges to long-term sustainability of managed northern hardwood forests".Forest Ecology and Management 479(2021).