气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Spatiotemporal patterns of rain-on-snow and basal ice in high Arctic Svalbard: Detection of a climate-cryosphere regime shift

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DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/aaefb3
	Spatiotemporal patterns of rain-on-snow and basal ice in high Arctic Svalbard: Detection of a climate-cryosphere regime shift
	Peeters B.; Pedersen Å.Ø.; Loe L.E.; Isaksen K.; Veiberg V.; Stien A.; Kohler J.; Gallet J.-C.; Aanes R.; Hansen B.B.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17489318
卷号	14 期号:1
英文摘要	Arctic winters have become increasingly warmer and rainier. Where permafrost prevails, winter rain (or rain-on-snow) is known to occasionally cause extensive ice layers at the snow/ground interface, i.e. 'basal ice' or 'ground ice', with potentially large ecological and socio-economic implications. However, an overall lack of field data has so far restricted our predictive understanding of the environmental conditions shaping spatiotemporal variation in basal ice. Here, we use time-series of spatially replicated snowpack measurements from coastal (Ny-Ålesund area; 2000-2017) and central Spitsbergen (Nordenskiöld Land; 2010-2017), Svalbard, to analyze spatiotemporal patterns in basal ice and how they are linked with topography, weather, snowpack and climate change. As expected, both the spatial occurrence and thickness of basal ice increased strongly with the annual amount of winter rain. This effect was modified by accumulated snowfall; a deeper snowpack restricts ice formation following a minor rain event, but enhances ice formation following heavy rain due to an increased contribution of snowmelt. Accordingly, inter-annual variation in snow depth was negatively related to basal ice thickness. Annual fluctuations in basal ice thickness were strongly correlated in space (average correlation ρ = 0.40; 0-142 km distance between plots) due to strong spatial correlation in winter rain (ρ = 0.62; 14-410 km distance between meteorological stations). Models of basal ice based on meteorological time-series (1957-2017) suggested that ice-free winters (i.e. mean basal ice <0.1 cm) had virtually not occurred since 1998, whereas such winters previously (1957-1998) occurred every three-four years on average. This detected cryosphere regime shift was linked to a parallel climate regime shift with increased winter rain amounts. Svalbard is regarded a bellwether for Arctic winter climate change. Our empirical study may therefore provide an early warning of future changes in high-arctic snowpacks. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	climate change; ground ice; meteorology; rain-on-snow; snowpack; synchrony; topography
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climate change; Meteorology; Rain; Snow; Snow melting systems; Time series; Topography; Environmental conditions; Ground ice; Meteorological station; Rain-on-snow; snowpack; Spatio-temporal variation; Spatiotemporal patterns; synchrony; Ice; basal ice; climate change; cryosphere; detection method; environmental conditions; ice thickness; permafrost; seasonal variation; snowmelt; snowpack; spatiotemporal analysis; synchrony; topography; Arctic; Arctic; Spitsbergen; Svalbard; Svalbard and Jan Mayen
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154726
作者单位	Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, PO Box 5003, Ås, NO-1432, Norway; Norwegian Meteorological Institute, PO Box 43, Blindern, Oslo, NO-0313, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, PO Box 5685, Torgarden, Trondheim, NO-7485, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Peeters B.,Pedersen Å.Ø.,Loe L.E.,et al. Spatiotemporal patterns of rain-on-snow and basal ice in high Arctic Svalbard: Detection of a climate-cryosphere regime shift[J],2019,14(1).
APA	Peeters B..,Pedersen Å.Ø..,Loe L.E..,Isaksen K..,Veiberg V..,...&Hansen B.B..(2019).Spatiotemporal patterns of rain-on-snow and basal ice in high Arctic Svalbard: Detection of a climate-cryosphere regime shift.Environmental Research Letters,14(1).
MLA	Peeters B.,et al."Spatiotemporal patterns of rain-on-snow and basal ice in high Arctic Svalbard: Detection of a climate-cryosphere regime shift".Environmental Research Letters 14.1(2019).