气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Towards applying N balance as a sustainability indicator for the US Corn Belt: Realistic achievable targets, spatiooral variability and policy implications

CCPortal

DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab1219
	Towards applying N balance as a sustainability indicator for the US Corn Belt: Realistic achievable targets, spatiooral variability and policy implications
	Sela S.; Woodbury P.B.; Marjerison R.; Van Es H.M.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17489318
卷号	14 期号:6
英文摘要	Gains in nitrogen use efficiency in the production of corn (Zea mays L.) remain low due to management constraints and difficulties in accurately predicting the optimum fertilizer application rate. Retailers and consumers are looking for robust sustainability indicators to help drive the industry towards more sustainable food production, including the simple input-output based 'N balance' metric. Seven-year simulations for 25 locations across five US Corn Belt States (NE, IA, MN, IL, IN) were conducted using the biogeochemical Adapt-N® model to determine (i) realistically achievable N balance values when N rates are optimized, (ii) the effects of climate and soil type on achievable N balance values, and (iii) the relative importance of N application timing (fall, spring, split in-season) and formulation (+/- nitrapyrin) in reducing N balance. Split in-season applications reduced N rates by 39% and 22% over fall and spring applications and N balance by 36% and 22%, respectively. Adding nitrapyrin to fall or spring preplant applications modestly reduced N inputs by 9% and 4% and N balance by 18% and 12%. Split N management reduced N losses by 52% and 31% of total area-scaled N losses compared to fall and spring N applications and adding nitrapyrin by 13% and 10%, respectively. Benefits from improved timing and formulation were greater in the more humid eastern part of the region. Split in-season N management allows farmers to reach sustainable N balance levels in 88% of cases, with the remainder mostly affected by mid-season droughts. Economic assessment found partial profit to be enhanced with lower N balance, suggesting that N balance reductions may be achieved through voluntary approaches. The model simulations offered ranges of realistic N balance values that can be used to inform policy discussions. It appears that N balance is best applied when averaged over multiple seasons and threshold levels should be guided by characteristics of the production environment, including soil type and climate. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	Adapt-N®; corn; model-based N management; N balance; yield-scaled N losses
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climate models; Environmental protection; Nitrogen fertilizers; Public policy; corn; Fertilizer applications; Model-based OPC; N balance; N loss; Nitrogen-use efficiency; Production environments; Sustainability indicators; Sustainable development; Zea mays
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154546
作者单位	Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Digital Farming, Yara International ASA, San Francisco, CA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sela S.,Woodbury P.B.,Marjerison R.,et al. Towards applying N balance as a sustainability indicator for the US Corn Belt: Realistic achievable targets, spatiooral variability and policy implications[J],2019,14(6).
APA	Sela S.,Woodbury P.B.,Marjerison R.,&Van Es H.M..(2019).Towards applying N balance as a sustainability indicator for the US Corn Belt: Realistic achievable targets, spatiooral variability and policy implications.Environmental Research Letters,14(6).
MLA	Sela S.,et al."Towards applying N balance as a sustainability indicator for the US Corn Belt: Realistic achievable targets, spatiooral variability and policy implications".Environmental Research Letters 14.6(2019).