气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Urban form strongly mediates the allometric scaling of airshed pollution concentrations

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DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab50e3
	Urban form strongly mediates the allometric scaling of airshed pollution concentrations
	MacKenzie A.R.; Whyatt J.D.; Barnes M.J.; Davies G.; Hewitt C.N.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17489318
卷号	14 期号:12
英文摘要	We present allometric-scaling relationships between non-point-source emissions of air pollutants and settlement population, using 3030 urban settlements in Great Britain (home to ca. 80% of the population of that region). Sub-linear scalings (slope < 1.0; standard error on slope ∼0.01; r 2 > 0.6) were found for the oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and microscopic airborne particles (PM10 and PM2.5). That is, emissions of these pollutants from larger cities are lower per capita than would be expected when compared to the same population dispersed in smaller settlements. The scalings of traffic-related emissions are disaggregated into a component due to under-use of roads in small settlements and a fraction due to congestion in large settlements. We use these scalings of emissions, along with a scaling related to urban form, to explain quantitatively how and why urban airshed-average air pollutant concentrations also scale with population. Our predicted concentration scaling with population is strongly sub-linear, with a slope about half that of the emissions scaling, consistent with satellite measurements of NO2 columns over large cities across Europe. We demonstrate that the urban form of a particular settlement can result in the airshed-average air pollution of that settlement being much larger or smaller than expected. We extend our analysis to predict that the likelihood of occurrence of local air pollution hotspots will scale super-linearly with population, a testable hypothesis that awaits suitable data. Our analysis suggests that coordinated management of emissions and urban form would strongly reduce the likelihood of local pollutant hotspots occurring whilst also ameliorating the urban heat island effect under climate change. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	Air pollutant emissions; Air pollution management; Nitrogen dioxide; Urban air quality; Urban planning
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climate change; Nitrogen oxides; Population statistics; Air pollutant concentrations; Allometric scaling; Local air pollutions; Oxides of nitrogen; Pollution concentration; Satellite measurements; Traffic-related emissions; Urban Heat Island Effects; Air pollution; allometry; atmospheric pollution; climate change; concentration (composition); congestion; heat island; nonpoint source pollution; satellite data; United Kingdom
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154224
作者单位	School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	MacKenzie A.R.,Whyatt J.D.,Barnes M.J.,et al. Urban form strongly mediates the allometric scaling of airshed pollution concentrations[J],2019,14(12).
APA	MacKenzie A.R.,Whyatt J.D.,Barnes M.J.,Davies G.,&Hewitt C.N..(2019).Urban form strongly mediates the allometric scaling of airshed pollution concentrations.Environmental Research Letters,14(12).
MLA	MacKenzie A.R.,et al."Urban form strongly mediates the allometric scaling of airshed pollution concentrations".Environmental Research Letters 14.12(2019).