气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): A community nitrogen footprint analysis of Baltimore City, Maryland

CCPortal

DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab76dc
	A community nitrogen footprint analysis of Baltimore City, Maryland
	Dukes E.S.M.; Galloway J.N.; Band L.E.; Cattaneo L.R.; Groffman P.M.; Leach A.M.; Castner E.A.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17489318
卷号	15 期号:7
英文摘要	The nitrogen footprint tool (NFT) provides a novel way for communities to understand the environmental impacts of their collective activities and consumption. Reactive nitrogen (Nr; all N species except N2) is created by the Haber-Bosch process for food production and as a by-product of fossil fuel combustion and two natural processes, biological nitrogen fixation and lightning. While it is a vital input for food production, too much Nr has a negative effect on the environment. Calculating the amount of Nr released to the environment as a result of an entity's resource consumption is the first step in reducing those Nr losses. The nitrogen (N) footprint method has previously taken this approach at the personal and institution scale. In this study, the approach is extended, for the first time, to the spatial patterns of the community nitrogen footprint within a large city, through the integration of diverse geographic information to calculate the N footprint distribution within the City of Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The total N footprint of Baltimore City was ∼19 000 MT N or 30 kg N per capita in 2016, dominated by the food production sector (73%), followed by the energy and transportation sectors (15% combined). There was geographic variability among census block groups' per capita N footprint within Baltimore City; driven primarily by economic and development factors. Several management scenarios were assessed to better understand what actions may reduce the Baltimore N footprint at the city and community scale over time. The study explored the effect and efficacy of reducing meat consumption based on differences in city consumption patterns, increasing the use of renewable energy sources, and reducing electricity consumption on the city's total N footprint. The model for the Baltimore City N footprint calculation can be applied to other communities in the United States at the spatial grain of the census block group or any country with this level of data to provide an indicator of nitrogen sustainability. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	community; diet; nitrogen; nitrogen footprints; sustainability
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Environmental impact; Fossil fuels; Renewable energy resources; Surveys; Sustainable development; Biological nitrogen fixations; Electricity-consumption; Energy and transportation; Fossil fuel combustion; Geographic information; Geographic variability; Resource consumption; Use of renewable energies; Nitrogen fixation; combustion; environmental impact; fossil fuel; geographical variation; management practice; nitrogen fixation; sustainability; Baltimore; Maryland; United States
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/153958
作者单位	University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center and Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, United States; University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States; University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Dukes E.S.M.,Galloway J.N.,Band L.E.,et al. A community nitrogen footprint analysis of Baltimore City, Maryland[J],2020,15(7).
APA	Dukes E.S.M..,Galloway J.N..,Band L.E..,Cattaneo L.R..,Groffman P.M..,...&Castner E.A..(2020).A community nitrogen footprint analysis of Baltimore City, Maryland.Environmental Research Letters,15(7).
MLA	Dukes E.S.M.,et al."A community nitrogen footprint analysis of Baltimore City, Maryland".Environmental Research Letters 15.7(2020).