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DOI	10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.04.004
	The earliest direct evidence of mammoth hunting in Central Europe – The Kraków Spadzista site (Poland)
	Wojtal P.; Haynes G.; Klimowicz J.; Sobczyk K.; Tarasiuk J.; Wroński S.; Wilczyński J.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0277-3791
起始页码	162
结束页码	166
卷号	213
英文摘要	The oldest unequivocal evidence of mammoth hunting in prehistoric Central Europe has been found in the Gravettian archaeological site Kraków Spadzista (Poland). The site contains thousands of lithic artifacts and the remains of >100 woolly mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius), with radiocarbon dates clustering ∼25–24 ka uncal BP. A fragment of a flint shouldered point is embedded in a mammoth rib, and more than 50% of the site's flint shouldered points and backed blades bear diagnostic traces of hafting and impact damage from use as spear tips. Additional support for mammoth killing is the mortality profile of 112 mammoths from the site: some age groups may have been depleted due to recurring heavy hunting by humans during periods of environmental stress. The evidence for intensive human hunting could portend a development thousands of years later, at the end of the Pleistocene, when climate-caused habitat changes were more extreme, and, in combination with opportunistic human hunting, may have led to woolly mammoth extinction. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Anthropocene; Europe; Glaciation; Gravettian; Hunters-gatherers; Upper palaeolithic; Zooarchaeology
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Geology; Natural sciences; Anthropocene; Europe; Glaciation; Gravettian; Hunters-gatherers; Upper palaeolithic; Zooarchaeology; Glacial geology; Anthropocene; extinction; glaciation; hunter-gatherer; hunting; mammal; morphology; mortality; Paleolithic; Pleistocene; prehistoric; radiocarbon dating; Cracow; Malopolskie; Poland [Central Europe]; Mammuthus primigenius
来源期刊	Quaternary Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/151935
作者单位	Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, Kraków, 31-016, Poland; Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada - Reno, Reno, NV 89507, United States; Independent Researcher, Reno, NV, United States; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University, Gołębia 11, Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków, 30-065, Poland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wojtal P.,Haynes G.,Klimowicz J.,等. The earliest direct evidence of mammoth hunting in Central Europe – The Kraków Spadzista site (Poland)[J],2019,213.
APA	Wojtal P..,Haynes G..,Klimowicz J..,Sobczyk K..,Tarasiuk J..,...&Wilczyński J..(2019).The earliest direct evidence of mammoth hunting in Central Europe – The Kraków Spadzista site (Poland).Quaternary Science Reviews,213.
MLA	Wojtal P.,et al."The earliest direct evidence of mammoth hunting in Central Europe – The Kraków Spadzista site (Poland)".Quaternary Science Reviews 213(2019).