气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The evolution of Palaeoloxodon skull structure: Disentangling phylogenetic; sexually dimorphic; ontogenetic; and allometric morphological signals

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DOI	10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106090
	The evolution of Palaeoloxodon skull structure: Disentangling phylogenetic; sexually dimorphic; ontogenetic; and allometric morphological signals
	Larramendi A.; Zhang H.; Palombo M.R.; Ferretti M.P.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0277-3791
卷号	229
英文摘要	This paper presents a reappraisal of evolution in the extinct Pleistocene straight-tusked elephant Palaeoloxodon, based on cranial morphology. Particular emphasis is given to the parieto-occipital crest (POC), a specialised structure of the Palaeoloxodon skull. A key aim of this contribution is to discuss the systematic significance of the so-called “Stuttgart” and “namadicus” cranial morphs among Eurasian Palaeoloxodon. Materials examined and discussed mostly represent large-sized continental species from several Afro-Eurasian localities, but includes also the small-sized endemic elephant Palaeoloxodon cf. mnaidriensis from the late Middle-early Late Pleistocene of Sicily. In Africa, where the lineage originated, the morphological evolution of Palaeoloxodon concerned both skull and molariform teeth, which became strongly hypsodont and bore up to 19 lamellae. This dental morphology underwent little notable evolutionary change in Eurasian Palaeoloxodon, contrasting to the marked disparity in their cranial morphology, best elucidated by variations in the POC. Maturation of a strong POC in Palaeoloxodon antiquus, P. namadicus and P. cf. mnaidriensis (Puntali Cave, Sicily) during ontogeny shows a consistent pattern: incipient folding at the M1 stage; complete folding at the M2 stage; further downward migration of the POC towards the nasals at the M3 stage. The POC morphology and variation result from complex interactions of factors, which include, to varying degrees, ontogeny (juvenile vs adult), allometry (e.g. skull size and shape) and possible phylogenetic inertia. Some evidence of sexual dimorphism in POC development is observed in P. namadicus, P. naumanni, and possibly P. antiquus, this is a possible allometric effect which reflects on the markedly greater body size of males at full maturity compared to females. Skull shape and variability of the POC, as well as postcranial proportions, support the specific separation of P. namadicus and P. antiquus. However, the observed pattern of intrapopulational POC variability from German and Italian P. antiquus samples does not support a turnover of the two distinct Palaeoloxodon species in Europe during the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 11–MIS 7). The poorly known P. turkmenicus might represent a separate Middle Pleistocene Palaeoloxodon species from Central Asia more plesiomorphic than either P. antiquus or P. namadicus. P. naumanni from Japan possesses a combination of primitive and derived, autapomorphic characters, supporting its interpretation as an early offshoot during Eurasian Palaeoloxodon evolution. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Allometry; Cranial morphology; Fossil proboscideans; Middle Pleistocene; Palaeoloxodon
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Musculoskeletal system; Allometry; Cranial morphology; Fossil proboscideans; Middle Pleistocene; Palaeoloxodon; Morphology; allometry; body size; cranium; elephant; evolutionary biology; fossil record; morphology; ontogeny; phylogenetics; Pleistocene; sexual dimorphism; skull; Africa; Asia; Central Asia; Europe; Italy; Japan; Sicily; Elephas antiquus; Palaeoloxodon
来源期刊	Quaternary Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/151621
作者单位	EoFauna Scientific Research, Errondo 6, 10c. 20010, Donostia, Basque Country, Spain; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; CNR-IGAG, c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma, 00185, Italy; Division of Geology, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, 62032, Italy
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Larramendi A.,Zhang H.,Palombo M.R.,et al. The evolution of Palaeoloxodon skull structure: Disentangling phylogenetic; sexually dimorphic; ontogenetic; and allometric morphological signals[J],2020,229.
APA	Larramendi A.,Zhang H.,Palombo M.R.,&Ferretti M.P..(2020).The evolution of Palaeoloxodon skull structure: Disentangling phylogenetic; sexually dimorphic; ontogenetic; and allometric morphological signals.Quaternary Science Reviews,229.
MLA	Larramendi A.,et al."The evolution of Palaeoloxodon skull structure: Disentangling phylogenetic; sexually dimorphic; ontogenetic; and allometric morphological signals".Quaternary Science Reviews 229(2020).