气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Evaluating the effects of morphology and orientation on feeding in atrypide brachiopods using 3-D printed models

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DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.04.020
	Evaluating the effects of morphology and orientation on feeding in atrypide brachiopods using 3-D printed models
	Dievert R.V.; Barclay K.M.; Molinaro D.J.; Leighton L.R.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0031-0182
起始页码	77
结束页码	86
卷号	527
英文摘要	The brachiopod order Atrypida was one of the most diverse and abundant clades of marine organisms across North America during the Silurian and Devonian. Atrypide brachiopods were active sessile suspension feeders that used their lophophores to capture food particles from the water. Within the subfamily Variatrypinae, there are two end-member morphotypes associated with either high or low energy environments. It has further been suggested shape played an important role in enhancing feeding efficiency. The first morphotype is shield-shaped, weakly convex, and associated with low-energy systems. The second morphotype is globose and associated with high-energy systems. Furthermore, both pedicle-attached and liberosessile life orientations have been suggested for atrypides, based on both fossil material and biomechanical experiments. Any change in orientation could radically affect feeding efficiency. Our study uses biomechanical experiments on morphologically accurate 3-D printed atrypide models to evaluate the effects of shape and orientation on feeding current strength in the shield-shaped and globose morphotypes. We used 3-D scanning and printing to construct two morphologically accurate gaping models of the end-member shapes. The models included simulated body tissue, a flexible scale lophophore and valves of accurate thickness. A recirculating flume tank and dye streams were used to visualize ambient flow within the models in multiple pedicle-attached and pedicle-absent orientations to flow. During the trials the shield shape produced better ambient flow than the globose shape in pedicle-attached orientations. Further, pedicle-attached orientations produced better ambient flow than pedicle-absent orientations. Our results suggest that, shield-shaped atrypides benefited from enhanced ambient flow, while globose atrypides would have relied more on active pumping when in a pedicle attached orientation. As well, the results suggest a pedicle was required to orient atrypides for efficient feeding. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	biomechanics; functional morphology; Pseudoatrypa; spirolophe; suspension feeding; Variatrypinae
语种	英语
scopus关键词	abundance estimation; biomechanics; brachiopod; Devonian; feeding; feeding ecology; food intake; fossil record; functional morphology; marine ecosystem; morphology; morphotype; orientation behavior; sessile species; Silurian; three-dimensional modeling; North America; Atrypida; Brachiopoda; Lophophora
来源期刊	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/150943
作者单位	University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Dievert R.V.,Barclay K.M.,Molinaro D.J.,et al. Evaluating the effects of morphology and orientation on feeding in atrypide brachiopods using 3-D printed models[J],2019,527.
APA	Dievert R.V.,Barclay K.M.,Molinaro D.J.,&Leighton L.R..(2019).Evaluating the effects of morphology and orientation on feeding in atrypide brachiopods using 3-D printed models.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,527.
MLA	Dievert R.V.,et al."Evaluating the effects of morphology and orientation on feeding in atrypide brachiopods using 3-D printed models".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 527(2019).