气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Multiproxy dietary trait reconstruction in Pleistocene Hippopotamidae from the Mediterranean islands

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DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.05.032
	Multiproxy dietary trait reconstruction in Pleistocene Hippopotamidae from the Mediterranean islands
	Bethune E.; Kaiser T.M.; Schulz-Kornas E.; Winkler D.E.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0031-0182
卷号	533
英文摘要	Geographically isolated insular species face energetic restrictions and commonly evolve adaptations that distinguish them from their mainland ancestors. During the Pleistocene, several Mediterranean islands were inhabited by now extinct Hippopotamidae. They underwent diverse changes in locomotion, dentition and body size. Based on these differences, it is supposed that they occupied different ecological niches depending on their respective faunal complexes and available resources. In this paper, we assess the paleoecology of dwarfed hippopotami from Crete, Malta, Sicily and Cyprus using a novel dental multiproxy approach. We applied dental topography analysis (SAGA-GIS) to measure the mean slope of the dental occlusal surface, mirroring dietary adaptations, as well as 3D surface texture analysis (3DST) to quantify the surface of occlusal wear facets, which correlate with dietary abrasiveness. Low slope values were found in the larger, more hypsodont hippopotami, whilst the smaller Phanourios minor displayed the highest occlusal relief with large compression basins. Since Hippopotamus pentlandi exhibited lower mean slope values than the larger, more hypsodont Hippopotamus amphibius, we conclude that lower occlusal reliefs reflect adaptations to lower diet quality and arid environments, which are characteristic of freshwater-limited island habitats. The 3DST analysis revealed distinct ecological niches for the investigated insular hippos. Hippopotamus creutzburgi exhibited enamel surface textures analogous to those of Hippopotamus amphibius, a fresh grass grazer, thus confirming a semiaquatic lifestyle at the upland lake at Katharo, Crete. Hippopotamus pentlandi was bound to a similar niche to the extant form, probably due to the mainland character of its fauna, but experienced more dust intake. Hippopotamus melitensis had to cope with high ingestion of abrasives, seemingly on account of a more generalistic diet in its resource-limited and small habitat. Results point to either Phanourios minor broadening its dietary niche in its almost competition-free habitat, or suggest a dietary shift following a climatic change. The adopted multiproxy approach proved to be useful in identifying dental adaptations and individual foraging strategies linked to energetically restricted habitats, and therefore contributes to a better understanding of basic evolutionary and ecological principles. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	3D surface texture; Diet reconstruction; Hippos; Island evolution; SAGA-GIS; Tooth wear
语种	英语
scopus关键词	climate change; dentition; dietary shift; enamel; grass; lifestyle; paleoecology; Pleistocene; reconstruction; topography; ungulate; Cyprus; Italy; Malta [Southern Europe]; Sicily; Hippopotamidae; Hippopotamus amphibius
来源期刊	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/150838
作者单位	University of Hamburg, Center of Natural History, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, 20146, Germany; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Geosciences, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, Mainz, 55128, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bethune E.,Kaiser T.M.,Schulz-Kornas E.,et al. Multiproxy dietary trait reconstruction in Pleistocene Hippopotamidae from the Mediterranean islands[J],2019,533.
APA	Bethune E.,Kaiser T.M.,Schulz-Kornas E.,&Winkler D.E..(2019).Multiproxy dietary trait reconstruction in Pleistocene Hippopotamidae from the Mediterranean islands.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,533.
MLA	Bethune E.,et al."Multiproxy dietary trait reconstruction in Pleistocene Hippopotamidae from the Mediterranean islands".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 533(2019).