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DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110048
	Origin of compound biogenic sedimentary structures in Eocene strata of Wadi El-Hitan universal heritage area; Fayum; Egypt: Mangrove roots or not?
	Abdel-Fattah Z.A.; Gingras M.K.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0031-0182
卷号	560
英文摘要	Ichnological data are integrated with sedimentologic data and body fossil content to reconsider the origins of the biogenic sedimentary structures in upper middle Eocene strata of Wadi El-Hitan (UNESCO universal heritage area) in Egypt. Three types of rhizoliths (Type 1 to 3) are recognized, in addition to co-occurrence of six common marine ichnogenera (Ophiomorpha, Skolithos, Thalassinoides, Palaeophycus, Teichichnus and Taenidium). Fossil content comprises bivalves (Ostrea sp., Cardia sp., Cardium sp., Carditopsis sp. and Pinna sp.), gastropods (Turritella sp.), scaphopoda (tusk shells), arthropods (crabs and Balanus sp.) and the larger foraminifer Nummulites sp. as well as bony fossils of Basilosaurus isis, Dorudon atrox, crocodiles, sharks, rays and saw fish. Facies characteristics, fossil content, rhizoliths and invertebrate trace-fossil suites imply a bay-margin origin of the plant-and animal-associated biogenic sedimentary structures. Importantly, characteristics such as downward tapering and/or branching into smaller branches in addition to external and internal ornamentations are used to distinguish rhizoliths from burrows. Comparison between modern mangrove environments (i.e., substrates, fauna and flora) with the examined biogenic sedimentary structures can be used to support the marginal marine mangrove-swamp origin. Importantly, living mangrove roots are characteristically associated with marine bioturbation, which can be compared to the structures reported in the Eocene bioturbated bed. Large vertical Type-1 rhizoliths are interpreted as mangrove tree trunks. Type-2 rhizoliths correspond to prop/stilt roots similar to those of living Rhizophora sp. and locally to pneumatophore / anchor roots of living Avicennia sp. Type-3 rhizoliths are ascribed to sea-grasses roots and / or tertiary roots and root hairs. The examined compound biogenic sedimentary structures represent an excellent example for distinguishing previously misinterpreted plant roots (rhizoliths) from animal trace fossils (burrows) in marine setting as well as recognizing mangrove rhizoliths in the rock record. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Burrows; Late Bartonian; Mangals; Paleoenvironments; Rhizoliths; Whale Valley
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Eocene; invertebrate; mangrove; morphology; sedimentary structure; trace fossil; Egypt; Faiyum [Egypt]; Animalia; Arthropoda; Avicennia; Balanus sp.; Bartonia; Bivalvia; Carditopsis; Cardium; Cetacea; Chondrichthyes; Crocodylidae (all crocodiles); Decapoda (Crustacea); Foraminifera; Gastropoda; Invertebrata; Nummulites; Ophiomorpha (crustacean); Ostrea; Palaeophycus; Pinna (bivalve); Poaceae; Pristiophoridae; Rhizophora; Scaphopoda; Skolithos; Taenidium; Teichichnus; Thalassinoides; Turritella
来源期刊	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/150282
作者单位	Department of Geology, Damietta University, New Damietta city, Damietta 34751, Egypt; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Abdel-Fattah Z.A.,Gingras M.K.. Origin of compound biogenic sedimentary structures in Eocene strata of Wadi El-Hitan universal heritage area; Fayum; Egypt: Mangrove roots or not?[J],2020,560.
APA	Abdel-Fattah Z.A.,&Gingras M.K..(2020).Origin of compound biogenic sedimentary structures in Eocene strata of Wadi El-Hitan universal heritage area; Fayum; Egypt: Mangrove roots or not?.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,560.
MLA	Abdel-Fattah Z.A.,et al."Origin of compound biogenic sedimentary structures in Eocene strata of Wadi El-Hitan universal heritage area; Fayum; Egypt: Mangrove roots or not?".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 560(2020).