气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Climatic change and the rise of the Manchu from Northeast China during AD 1600

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DOI	10.1007/s10584-019-02471-0
	Climatic change and the rise of the Manchu from Northeast China during AD 1600–1650
	Cui J.; Chang H.; Burr G.S.; Zhao X.; Jiang B.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0165-0009
起始页码	405
结束页码	423
卷号	156 期号:3
英文摘要	The Ming-Qing transition (MQT) was a watershed in Chinese history. Events in three critical regions—North China Plain (NCP), southern Inner Mongolia (IM), and the Liaodong Peninsula (LP)—paved the way for political change in the latter years of the Ming dynasty. These developments occured in part as a response to climate change. Climate in these regions is controlled by topography and monsoon intensity (summer and winter). Here, we compare historical records with multi-proxy temperature and moisture reconstructions to understand the linkage between climate, the rise of the Manchu, and the collapse of the Ming dynasty and Mongolian steppe. In the last decades of the Ming, both the Ming and Mongolian steppe suffered from the most severe drought and winter cold of the past 500 years. Under the stress of this event, the political and economic systems of the Ming dynasty collapsed, although drought and cooling in the LP were not so intense, due to a maritime effect on climate. This allowed for enhanced precipitation by typhoons, and sustained agricultural development. During this period, the Later Jin (then Qing) seized an opportunity and occupied the LP. Simultaneously, a Manchu-Mongolian alliance formed. They defeated Lindan Khan and conquered North Korea, which removed the military threat from the east. This alleviated the economic pressure imposed by war, and rapid population expansion ensued. Finally, a new dynasty was established in the Central Plains. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Cooling systems; Drought; Topography; Agricultural development; Climatic changes; Economic pressures; Historical records; Monsoon intensity; North China Plain; Political changes; Population expansion; Climate change; air temperature; atmospheric moisture; climate effect; climate variation; cooling; drought; economic system; historical record; political change; political system; precipitation intensity; reconstruction; topography; China; Liaodong Peninsula; Liaoning; Nei Monggol; North China Plain; North Korea
来源期刊	Climatic Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/147402
作者单位	Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi’an, 710075, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Cui J.,Chang H.,Burr G.S.,等. Climatic change and the rise of the Manchu from Northeast China during AD 1600–1650[J],2019,156(3).
APA	Cui J.,Chang H.,Burr G.S.,Zhao X.,&Jiang B..(2019).Climatic change and the rise of the Manchu from Northeast China during AD 1600–1650.Climatic Change,156(3).
MLA	Cui J.,et al."Climatic change and the rise of the Manchu from Northeast China during AD 1600–1650".Climatic Change 156.3(2019).