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DOI	10.1007/s10584-020-02756-9
	The earliest temperature record in Paris; 1658–1660; by Ismaël Boulliau; and a comparison with the contemporary series of the Medici Network (1654–1670) in Florence
	Camuffo D.; della Valle A.; Becherini F.; Rousseau D.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0165-0009
起始页码	903
结束页码	922
卷号	162 期号:2
英文摘要	The earliest temperature series in Paris, from May 1658 to September 1660, taken by Boulliau is made available at daily resolution after a careful work of homogenization, correction and calculation of the average values. New results are achieved concerning the Little Florentine Thermometer, building location, thermometer exposure, observation methodologies followed by Boulliau and weather in the mid-seventeenth century. Two methods are used and compared to calculate the daily average from readings taken at random sampling times. The first one is based on the reading needing the smallest correction to be transformed into a daily average; the second considers all the readings of the day and makes a bulk average of the individual results. The series is compared with the temperature record by the Grand Duke Ferdinand II in Florence, which was the primary station of the Medici Network (1654–70). In addition, the comparison of the earliest temperature series in Paris and Florence with their respective 1961–1990 reference period gives a clear image of the change of weather conditions in Europe in the middle of the seventeenth century. Key features were a strong variability for warm-air and cold-air outbreaks, severe winters and cold summers in Paris, not affecting Florence. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.
英文关键词	Air temperature; Climate; Early meteorological records; Early thermometers; Little Ice Age; Medici Network
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climate change; Climate models; Average values; Cold air outbreak; Cold summers; Key feature; New results; Random sampling; Temperature series; Warm air; Thermometers; air temperature; comparative study; correction; homogeneity; instrumentation; sampling; seventeenth century; Florence [Kentucky]; France; Ile de France; Kentucky; Paris; United States; Ville de Paris
来源期刊	Climatic Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/147106
作者单位	National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Corso Stati Uniti 4, Padua, 35127, Italy; National Research Council, Institute of Polar Sciences, Via Torino 155, Venice, Mestre 30172, Italy; Conseil Supérieur de la Météorologie, 42 avenue Gaspard Coriolis, Toulouse, Cedex, 31057, France
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Camuffo D.,della Valle A.,Becherini F.,等. The earliest temperature record in Paris; 1658–1660; by Ismaël Boulliau; and a comparison with the contemporary series of the Medici Network (1654–1670) in Florence[J],2020,162(2).
APA	Camuffo D.,della Valle A.,Becherini F.,&Rousseau D..(2020).The earliest temperature record in Paris; 1658–1660; by Ismaël Boulliau; and a comparison with the contemporary series of the Medici Network (1654–1670) in Florence.Climatic Change,162(2).
MLA	Camuffo D.,et al."The earliest temperature record in Paris; 1658–1660; by Ismaël Boulliau; and a comparison with the contemporary series of the Medici Network (1654–1670) in Florence".Climatic Change 162.2(2020).