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DOI10.1007/s00382-018-4575-7
Error compensation of ENSO atmospheric feedbacks in climate models and its influence on simulated ENSO dynamics
Bayr T.; Wengel C.; Latif M.; Dommenget D.; Lübbecke J.; Park W.
发表日期2019
ISSN0930-7575
起始页码155
结束页码172
卷号53期号:2020-01-02
英文摘要Common problems in state-of-the-art climate models are a cold sea surface temperature (SST) bias in the equatorial Pacific and the underestimation of the two most important atmospheric feedbacks operating in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO): the positive, i.e. amplifying wind-SST feedback and the negative, i.e. damping heat flux-SST feedback. To a large extent, the underestimation of those feedbacks can be explained by the cold equatorial SST bias, which shifts the rising branch of the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC) too far to the west by up to 30°, resulting in an erroneous convective response during ENSO events. Based on simulations from the Kiel Climate Model (KCM) and the 5th phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), we investigate how well ENSO dynamics are simulated in case of underestimated ENSO atmospheric feedbacks (EAF), with a special focus on ocean–atmosphere coupling over the equatorial Pacific. While models featuring realistic atmospheric feedbacks simulate ENSO dynamics close to observations, models with underestimated EAF exhibit fundamental biases in ENSO dynamics. In models with too weak feedbacks, ENSO is not predominantly wind-driven as observed; instead ENSO is driven significantly by a positive shortwave radiation feedback. Thus, although these models simulate ENSO, which in terms of simple indices is consistent with observations, it originates from very different dynamics. A too weak oceanic forcing on the SST via the positive thermocline, the Ekman and the zonal advection feedback is compensated by weaker atmospheric heat flux damping. The latter is mainly caused by a biased shortwave-SST feedback that erroneously is positive in most climate models. In the most biased models, the shortwave-SST feedback contributes to the SST anomaly growth to a similar degree as the ocean circulation. Our results suggest that a broad continuum of ENSO dynamics can exist in climate models and explain why climate models with less than a half of the observed EAF strength can still depict realistic ENSO amplitude. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
英文关键词CMIP5; El Niño/Southern Oscillationm; ENSO atmospheric feedbacks; ENSO dynamics; Equatorial Pacific cold SST bias; Perturbed physics ensemble
语种英语
scopus关键词atmosphere-ocean coupling; climate feedback; climate modeling; CMIP; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; error analysis; heat flux; sea surface temperature; temperature anomaly; Walker circulation; Pacific Ocean; Pacific Ocean (Equatorial); Pomatiopsis californica
来源期刊Climate Dynamics
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/146215
作者单位GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, 24105, Germany; Cluster of Excellence “The Future Ocean”, University of Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany; School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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GB/T 7714
Bayr T.,Wengel C.,Latif M.,et al. Error compensation of ENSO atmospheric feedbacks in climate models and its influence on simulated ENSO dynamics[J],2019,53(2020-01-02).
APA Bayr T.,Wengel C.,Latif M.,Dommenget D.,Lübbecke J.,&Park W..(2019).Error compensation of ENSO atmospheric feedbacks in climate models and its influence on simulated ENSO dynamics.Climate Dynamics,53(2020-01-02).
MLA Bayr T.,et al."Error compensation of ENSO atmospheric feedbacks in climate models and its influence on simulated ENSO dynamics".Climate Dynamics 53.2020-01-02(2019).
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