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DOI	10.1007/s00382-020-05441-w
	Direct observations of the multi-year seasonal mean diurnal variations of TOA cloud radiative forcing over tropics using Megha-Tropiques-ScaRaB/3
	Gupta A.K.; Rajeev K.; Davis E.V.; Mishra M.K.; Nair A.K.M.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0930-7575
起始页码	3289
结束页码	3306
卷号	55
英文摘要	Diurnal variation of cloud radiative forcing (CRF) is a major factor that controls the global radiation balance. This study presents multi-year seasonal mean diurnal variations of longwave cloud radiative forcing (LWCRF) and daytime shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SWCRF) at the top of atmosphere over tropics, derived from the broadband radiation measurements made by ScaRaB/3 onboard the low-inclination Megha-Tropiques satellite. The largest LWCRF (60–80 Wm−2) occurs over the oceanic regions of the east equatorial Indian Ocean and the western Pacific during all seasons, as well as the South Pacific Convergence Zone, the northeast Bay of Bengal, Amazon region, central and southern Africa and north Indian landmass (monsoon trough) during the local summer. Diurnal variations of 15–25 Wm−2 in LWCRF (20–35% of the mean) are observed with peak values occurring at 18–21 local time (LT) over continents and 00–06 LT over oceans. The minimum LWCRF occurs at 09–12 LT throughout the tropics. Over convective regions, SWCRF maximizes at 12–15 LT (− 220 to − 300 Wm−2) and has a higher magnitude over continents due to early convection occurrence, indicating the importance of diurnal phase. Certain specific features including the CRF associated with the double inter-tropical convergence zone, day-night changes in net CRF, and the effect of El Nin ∼ o on CRF are also presented. The net CRF and its zonal variations are strikingly similar during the normal and El Nin ∼ o periods because the changes in LWCRF and SWCRF are mutually compensated. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
英文关键词	Cloud radiative forcing; Deep convection; Diurnal variation; Double ITCZ; El Nin ∼ o; Tropics
语种	英语
scopus关键词	cloud radiative forcing; convection; diurnal variation; El Nino; intertropical convergence zone; longwave radiation; seasonal variation; shortwave radiation; tropical environment; Amazonia; Bay of Bengal; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean (Equatorial); Pacific Ocean; Pacific Ocean (West); South Africa
来源期刊	Climate Dynamics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/145262
作者单位	Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 022, India; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, United States; Meteorological Facility, Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 022, India; Research Fellow in Physics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Gupta A.K.,Rajeev K.,Davis E.V.,et al. Direct observations of the multi-year seasonal mean diurnal variations of TOA cloud radiative forcing over tropics using Megha-Tropiques-ScaRaB/3[J],2020,55.
APA	Gupta A.K.,Rajeev K.,Davis E.V.,Mishra M.K.,&Nair A.K.M..(2020).Direct observations of the multi-year seasonal mean diurnal variations of TOA cloud radiative forcing over tropics using Megha-Tropiques-ScaRaB/3.Climate Dynamics,55.
MLA	Gupta A.K.,et al."Direct observations of the multi-year seasonal mean diurnal variations of TOA cloud radiative forcing over tropics using Megha-Tropiques-ScaRaB/3".Climate Dynamics 55(2020).