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DOI	10.1007/s00382-020-05451-8
	Variability in the global energy budget and transports 1985–2017
	Liu C.; Allan R.P.; Mayer M.; Hyder P.; Desbruyères D.; Cheng L.; Xu J.; Xu F.; Zhang Y.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0930-7575
起始页码	3381
结束页码	3396
卷号	55
英文摘要	The study of energy flows in the Earth system is essential for understanding current climate change. To understand how energy is accumulating and being distributed within the climate system, an updated reconstruction of energy fluxes at the top of atmosphere, surface and within the atmosphere derived from observations is presented. New satellite and ocean data are combined with an improved methodology to quantify recent variability in meridional and ocean to land heat transports since 1985. A global top of atmosphere net imbalance is found to increase from 0.10 ± 0.61 W m−2 over 1985–1999 to 0.62 ± 0.1 W m−2 over 2000–2016, and the uncertainty of ± 0.61 W m−2 is related to the Argo ocean heat content changes (± 0.1 W m−2) and an additional uncertainty applying prior to 2000 relating to homogeneity adjustments. The net top of atmosphere radiative flux imbalance is dominated by the southern hemisphere (0.36 ± 0.04 PW, about 1.41 ± 0.16 W m−2) with an even larger surface net flux into the southern hemisphere ocean (0.79 ± 0.16 PW, about 3.1 ± 0.6 W m−2) over 2006–2013. In the northern hemisphere the surface net flux is of opposite sign and directed from the ocean toward the atmosphere (0.44 ± 0.16 PW, about 1.7 ± 0.6 W m−2). The sea ice melting and freezing are accounted for in the estimation of surface heat flux into the ocean. The northward oceanic heat transports are inferred from the derived surface fluxes and estimates of ocean heat accumulation. The derived cross-equatorial oceanic heat transport of 0.50 PW is higher than most previous studies, and the derived mean meridional transport of 1.23 PW at 26° N is very close to 1.22 PW from RAPID observation. The surface flux contribution dominates the magnitude of the oceanic transport, but the integrated ocean heat storage controls the interannual variability. Poleward heat transport by the atmosphere at 30° N is found to increase after 2000 (0.17 PW decade−1). The multiannual mean (2006–2013) transport of energy by the atmosphere from ocean to land is estimated as 2.65 PW, and is closely related to the ENSO variability. © 2020, The Author(s).
英文关键词	Energy transport; Net surface flux; TOA flux
语种	英语
scopus关键词	annual variation; decadal variation; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; energy budget; energy flow; energy flux; heat transfer; surface flux
来源期刊	Climate Dynamics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/145244
作者单位	South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; National Centre for Earth Observation, Reading, United Kingdom; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom; Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom; Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, Ifremer, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Plouzané, France; Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Liu C.,Allan R.P.,Mayer M.,等. Variability in the global energy budget and transports 1985–2017[J],2020,55.
APA	Liu C..,Allan R.P..,Mayer M..,Hyder P..,Desbruyères D..,...&Zhang Y..(2020).Variability in the global energy budget and transports 1985–2017.Climate Dynamics,55.
MLA	Liu C.,et al."Variability in the global energy budget and transports 1985–2017".Climate Dynamics 55(2020).