气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Seasonal and diurnal variability in O3; black carbon; and CO measured at the Rwanda Climate Observatory

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DOI	10.5194/acp-19-2063-2019
	Seasonal and diurnal variability in O3; black carbon; and CO measured at the Rwanda Climate Observatory
	Langley Dewitt H.; Gasore J.; Rupakheti M.; Potter K.E.; Prinn R.G.; De Dieu Ndikubwimana J.; Nkusi J.; Safari B.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	16807316
起始页码	2063
结束页码	2078
卷号	19 期号:3
英文摘要	Air pollution is understudied in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in a gap in the scientific understanding of emissions, atmospheric processes, and impacts of air pollutants in this region. The Rwanda Climate Observatory, a joint partnership between MIT and the government of Rwanda, has been measuring ambient concentrations of key long-lived greenhouse gases and the short-lived climate-forcing pollutants CO2, CO, CH4, black carbon (BC), and O3 with state-of-the-art instruments on the summit of Mt. Mugogo (1.586ĝ S, 29.566ĝ E; 2590 m above sea level) since May 2015. Rwanda is a small, mountainous, and densely populated country in equatorial East Africa, currently undergoing rapid development but still at less than 20 % urbanization. Black carbon concentrations during Rwanda's two dry seasons (December-January-February, DJF, and June-July-August, JJA), which coincide with the two regional biomass burning seasons, are higher at Mt. Mugogo than in major European cities with daily values (24 h) during the dry season of around 5 μg mĝ'3 (daily average concentrations ranging from less than 0.1 to over 17 μg mĝ'3 for the entire measurement period). BC baseline concentrations during biomass burning seasons are loosely correlated with fire radiative power data for the region acquired with a MODIS satellite instrument. The position and meteorology of Rwanda is such that the emissions transported from both the northern and southern African biomass burning seasons affect BC, CO, and O3 concentrations in Rwanda. Spectral aerosol absorption measured with a dual-spot Aethalometer varies seasonally due to changes in types of fuel burned and the direction of pollution transport to the site. Ozone concentrations peaked during Rwanda's dry seasons (daily measured maximum of 70 ppbv). The understanding and quantification of the percent contributions of regional and local (beyond large-scale biomass) emissions is essential to guide policy in the region. During the rainy seasons, local emitting activities (e.g., cooking, transportation, trash burning) remain steady, regional biomass burning is low, and transport distances are shorter as rainout of pollution occurs regularly. Thus, local pollution at Mugogo can be estimated during this time period and was found to account for up to 35 % of annual average BC measured. Our measurements indicate that air pollution is a current and growing problem in equatorial East Africa. © 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	atmospheric pollution; black carbon; carbon emission; carbon monoxide; diurnal variation; greenhouse gas; ozone; seasonal variation; Rwanda
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/144640
作者单位	Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany; Climate Secretariat, Ministry of Education, Kigali, Rwanda; Physics Department, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Langley Dewitt H.,Gasore J.,Rupakheti M.,et al. Seasonal and diurnal variability in O3; black carbon; and CO measured at the Rwanda Climate Observatory[J],2019,19(3).
APA	Langley Dewitt H..,Gasore J..,Rupakheti M..,Potter K.E..,Prinn R.G..,...&Safari B..(2019).Seasonal and diurnal variability in O3; black carbon; and CO measured at the Rwanda Climate Observatory.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,19(3).
MLA	Langley Dewitt H.,et al."Seasonal and diurnal variability in O3; black carbon; and CO measured at the Rwanda Climate Observatory".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19.3(2019).