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DOI	10.5194/acp-19-8123-2019
	Using freezing spectra characteristics to identify ice-nucleating particle populations during the winter in the Alps
	Creamean J.M.; Mignani C.; Bukowiecki N.; Conen F.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	16807316
起始页码	8123
结束页码	8140
卷号	19 期号:12
英文摘要	One of the least understood cloud processes is modulation of their microphysics by aerosols, specifically of cloud ice by ice-nucleating particles (INPs). To investigate INP impacts on cloud ice and subsequent precipitation formation, measurements in cloud environments are necessary but difficult given the logistical challenges associated with airborne measurements and separating interstitial aerosol from cloud residues. Additionally, determining the sources of INPs is important given the dependency of glaciation temperatures on the mineral or biological components and diversity of such INP populations. Here, we present results from a comparison of INP spectral characteristics in air, cloud rime, and fresh fallen snow at the High Altitude Research Station, Jungfraujoch. The goal of the study was twofold: (1) to assess variability in wintertime INP populations found in cloud based on wind and air mass direction during snowfall and (2) to evaluate possible INP sources between different sample types using a combination of cumulative INP (K(T)) and differential INP (k(T)) spectra. INP freezing temperatures and concentrations were consistently higher on average from the southeast as compared to the northwest for rime, snow, and especially aerosol samples, which is likely a result of air mass influence from predominantly boundary layer terrestrial and marine sources in southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and North Africa. For all three sample types combined, average onset freezing temperatures were -8.0 and -11.3 °C for southeasterly and northwesterly days, respectively, while K(T) were 3 to 20 times higher when winds arrived from the southeast. Southeasterly aerosol samples typically had a clear mode in the warmtemperature regime (i.e., ≥ -15 °C) in the k(T) spectra - indicating a putative influence from biological sources - while the presence of a warm mode in the rime and snow varied. Evaluating K(T) concert with k(T) spectra exhibited variable modality and shape - depending on the types of INPs present - and may serve as a useful method for comparing different sampled substances and assessing the possible relative contributions of mixed mineral and biological versus only biological INP sample populations. © Author(s) 2019.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	aerosol; air mass; cloud microphysics; ice; nucleation; spectral analysis; wind direction; winter; Alps
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/144326
作者单位	Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Physical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Creamean J.M.,Mignani C.,Bukowiecki N.,et al. Using freezing spectra characteristics to identify ice-nucleating particle populations during the winter in the Alps[J],2019,19(12).
APA	Creamean J.M.,Mignani C.,Bukowiecki N.,&Conen F..(2019).Using freezing spectra characteristics to identify ice-nucleating particle populations during the winter in the Alps.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,19(12).
MLA	Creamean J.M.,et al."Using freezing spectra characteristics to identify ice-nucleating particle populations during the winter in the Alps".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19.12(2019).