气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/acp-19-10379-2019
	Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing - Impact of one or two eruptions
	Niemeier U.; Timmreck C.; Krüger K.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	16807316
起始页码	10379
结束页码	10390
卷号	19 期号:15
英文摘要	In 1963 a series of eruptions of Mt. Agung, Indonesia, resulted in the third largest eruption of the 20th century and claimed about 1900 lives. Two eruptions of this series injected SO2 into the stratosphere, which can create a long-lasting stratospheric sulfate layer. The estimated mass flux of the first eruption was about twice as large as the mass flux of the second eruption. We followed the estimated emission profiles and assumed for the first eruption on 17 March an injection rate of 4.7 Tg SO2 and 2.3 Tg SO2 for the second eruption on 16 May. The injected sulfur forms a sulfate layer in the stratosphere. The evolution of sulfur is nonlinear and depends on the injection rate and aerosol background conditions. We performed ensembles of two model experiments, one with a single eruption and a second one with two eruptions. The two smaller eruptions result in a lower sulfur burden, smaller aerosol particles, and 0.1 to 0.3 Wm-2 (10 %-20 %) lower radiative forcing in monthly mean global average compared to the individual eruption experiment. The differences are the consequence of slightly stronger meridional transport due to different seasons of the eruptions, lower injection height of the second eruption, and the resulting different aerosol evolution.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	aerosol; atmospheric forcing; emission; flux measurement; stratosphere; sulfate; volcanic eruption; Bali; Indonesia; Lesser Sunda Islands; Mount Agung; Sunda Isles
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/144212
作者单位	Atmosphere in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, Hamburg, 20146, Germany; Meteorology and Oceanography Section, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Niemeier U.,Timmreck C.,Krüger K.. Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing - Impact of one or two eruptions[J],2019,19(15).
APA	Niemeier U.,Timmreck C.,&Krüger K..(2019).Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing - Impact of one or two eruptions.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,19(15).
MLA	Niemeier U.,et al."Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing - Impact of one or two eruptions".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19.15(2019).