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DOI	10.5194/acp-19-15183-2019
	The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event: Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET
	Baars H.; Ansmann A.; Ohneiser K.; Haarig M.; Engelmann R.; Althausen D.; Hanssen I.; Gausa M.; Pietruczuk A.; Szkop A.; Stachlewska I.S.; Wang D.; Reichardt J.; Skupin A.; Mattis I.; Trickl T.; Vogelmann H.; Navas-Guzmán F.; Haefele A.; Acheson K.; Ruth A.A.; Tatarov B.; Müller D.; Hu Q.; Podvin T.; Goloub P.; Veselovskii I.; Pietras C.; Haeffelin M.; Fréville P.; Sicard M.; Comerón A.; García A.J.F.; Menéndez F.M.; Córdoba-Jabonero C.; Guerrero-Rascado J.L.; Alados-Arboledas L.; Bortoli D.; Costa M.J.; Dionisi D.; Liberti G.L.; Wang X.; Sannino A.; Papagiannopoulos N.; Boselli A.; Mona L.; D'Amico G.; Romano S.; Perrone M.R.; Belegante L.; Nicolae D.; Grigorov I.; Gialitaki A.; Amiridis V.; Soupiona O.; Papayannis A.; Mamouri R.-E.; Nisantzi A.; Heese B.; Hofer J.; Schechner Y.Y.; Wandinger U.; Pappalardo G.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	16807316
起始页码	15183
结束页码	15198
卷号	19 期号:23
英文摘要	Six months of stratospheric aerosol observations with the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) from August 2017 to January 2018 are presented. The decay phase of an unprecedented, record-breaking stratospheric perturbation caused by wildfire smoke is reported and discussed in terms of geometrical, optical, and microphysical aerosol properties. Enormous amounts of smoke were injected into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over fire areas in western Canada on 12 August 2017 during strong thunderstorm-pyrocumulonimbus activity. The stratospheric fire plumes spread over the entire Northern Hemisphere in the following weeks and months. Twenty-eight European lidar stations from northern Norway to southern Portugal and the eastern Mediterranean monitored the strong stratospheric perturbation on a continental scale. The main smoke layer (over central, western, southern, and eastern Europe) was found at heights between 15 and 20 km since September 2017 (about 2 weeks after entering the stratosphere). Thin layers of smoke were detected at heights of up to 22-23 km. The stratospheric aerosol optical thickness at 532 nm decreased from values > 0.25 on 21-23 August 2017 to 0.005-0.03 until 5-10 September and was mainly 0.003-0.004 from October to December 2017 and thus was still significantly above the stratospheric background (0.001-0.002). Stratospheric particle extinction coefficients (532 nm) were as high as 50-200 Mm-1 until the beginning of September and on the order of 1 Mm-1 (0.5- 5 Mm-1) from October 2017 until the end of January 2018. The corresponding layer mean particle mass concentration was on the order of 0.05-0.5 μg m-3 over these months. Soot particles (light-absorbing carbonaceous particles) are efficient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) at upper tropospheric (cirrus) temperatures and available to influence cirrus formation when entering the tropopause from above. We estimated INP concentrations of 50-500 L-1 until the first days in September and afterwards 5-50 L-1 until the end of the year 2017 in the lower stratosphere for typical cirrus formation temperatures of -55 ?C and an ice supersaturation level of 1.15. The measured profiles of the particle linear depolarization ratio indicated a predominance of nonspherical smoke particles. The 532 nm depolarization ratio decreased slowly with time in the main smoke layer from values of 0.15-0.25 (August-September) to values of 0.05-0.10 (October-November) and < 0.05 (December-January). The decrease of the depolarization ratio is consistent with aging of the smoke particles, growing of a coating around the solid black carbon core (aggregates), and thus change of the shape towards a spherical form. We found ascending aerosol layer features over the most southern European stations, especially over the eastern Mediterranean at 32-35? N, that ascended from heights of about 18-19 to 22-23 km from the beginning of October to the beginning of December 2017 (about 2 km per month). We discuss several transport and lifting mechanisms that may have had an impact on the found aerosol layering structures. © 2019 Author(s).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	aerosol property; atmospheric plume; black carbon; Northern Hemisphere; smoke; soot; stratosphere; troposphere; Mediterranean Region; Norway; Portugal
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/143979
作者单位	Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany; Andøya Space Center, Andenes, Norway; Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Tauche, Germany; Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany; IMK-IFU, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland; Physics Department and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Physics Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom; Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA), UMR 8518 CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Physics Instrumentation Center, General Physics Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, École Poly...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Baars H.,Ansmann A.,Ohneiser K.,et al. The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event: Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET[J],2019,19(23).
APA	Baars H..,Ansmann A..,Ohneiser K..,Haarig M..,Engelmann R..,...&Pappalardo G..(2019).The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event: Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,19(23).
MLA	Baars H.,et al."The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event: Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19.23(2019).