气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102104
	Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview
	Scheidel A.; Del Bene D.; Liu J.; Navas G.; Mingorría S.; Demaria F.; Avila S.; Roy B.; Ertör I.; Temper L.; Martínez-Alier J.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0959-3780
卷号	63
英文摘要	Recent research and policies recognize the importance of environmental defenders for global sustainability and emphasize their need for protection against violence and repression. However, effective support may benefit from a more systematic understanding of the underlying environmental conflicts, as well as from better knowledge on the factors that enable environmental defenders to mobilize successfully. We have created the global Environmental Justice Atlas to address this knowledge gap. Here we present a large-n analysis of 2743 cases that sheds light on the characteristics of environmental conflicts and the environmental defenders involved, as well as on successful mobilization strategies. We find that bottom-up mobilizations for more sustainable and socially just uses of the environment occur worldwide across all income groups, testifying to the global existence of various forms of grassroots environmentalism as a promising force for sustainability. Environmental defenders are frequently members of vulnerable groups who employ largely non-violent protest forms. In 11% of cases globally, they contributed to halt environmentally destructive and socially conflictive projects, defending the environment and livelihoods. Combining strategies of preventive mobilization, protest diversification and litigation can increase this success rate significantly to up to 27%. However, defenders face globally also high rates of criminalization (20% of cases), physical violence (18%), and assassinations (13%), which significantly increase when Indigenous people are involved. Our results call for targeted actions to enhance the conditions enabling successful mobilizations, and for specific support for Indigenous environmental defenders. © 2020 The Authors
英文关键词	EJAtlas; Environmental conflicts; Environmental justice; Environmentalism of the poor; Statistical political ecology; Sustainability
语种	英语
scopus关键词	bottom-up approach; environmental justice; environmentalism; grassroots level; knowledge; literature review; livelihood; mobilization; research work; strategic approach; sustainability
来源期刊	Global Environmental Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/142037
作者单位	Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; The Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Scheidel A.,Del Bene D.,Liu J.,et al. Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview[J],2020,63.
APA	Scheidel A..,Del Bene D..,Liu J..,Navas G..,Mingorría S..,...&Martínez-Alier J..(2020).Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview.Global Environmental Change,63.
MLA	Scheidel A.,et al."Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview".Global Environmental Change 63(2020).