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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118221
	Where can palatable young trees escape herbivore pressure in a protected forest?
	Milne-Rostkowska F.; Holeksa J.; Bogdziewicz M.; Piechnik Ł.; Seget B.; Kurek P.; Buda J.; Żywiec M.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	472
英文摘要	Browsing damage by ungulates is among the most decisive factors affecting the establishment and growth of young trees. In recent decades, ungulate populations have been expanding in the Northern Hemisphere; impairment of tree regeneration by their activity is an increasing problem. Herbivore-induced changes in tree regeneration may alter the composition and biodiversity of the future tree stand. In this study we determined where young trees can leave the seedling bank and succeed to higher forest strata in a protected natural forest that is under strong herbivore pressure. We studied rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) regeneration in a subalpine spruce forest growing in a strictly protected area of Babia Góra National Park (Western Carpathians). Rowan is one of the most palatable forest species, so browsing can significantly limit its growth. We predicted that factors, that restrict the movement of red deer (Cervus elaphus), decrease their visits in some forest patches, which will result in a higher share of rowan saplings. We also considered two other factors that can affect the distribution of rowan saplings: light availability and distance to maternal trees. In particular, we tested whether the occurrence of rowan saplings was related to: (i) slope angle, amount of logs lying on the forest floor, and distance to the hiking trails; (ii) distance to fruit-bearing trees; and (iii) canopy openness. The results confirmed our main predictions concerning the relation between the occurrence of palatable tree saplings and the availability of a forest area to ungulates. Factors related to the availability of terrain to red deer significantly influenced the distribution of rowan saplings taller than 1 m. The probability of rowan sapling occurrence increased when the amount of logs was higher and the distance to hiking trails was shorter. Slope had a significant negative impact on sapling occurrence. We found no effect of proximity of fruit-bearing rowan trees or canopy gap area. Thus, in the natural forest, the likelihood that young palatable trees will make the transition from seedlings to taller saplings seems to be determined mainly by factors related to ungulate activity. This suggests that the increase of ungulate populations and their browsing behavior will affect the species composition and spatial structure of future tree stands. © 2020 The Author(s)
关键词	Biodiversity Conservation Fruits Probability distributions Sports Browsing behavior Light availability Northern Hemispheres Sorbus aucuparia Spatial structure Species composition Tree regeneration Western carpathians Reforestation biodiversity browsing canopy gap damage deciduous forest deer escape behavior forest management herbivore Northern Hemisphere regeneration seedling ungulate young population Area Biodiversity Conservation Distance Fruits Reforestation Saplings Trees Babia Gora National Park Carpathians Poland [Central Europe]Western Carpathians Cervus elaphus Picea Sorbus aucuparia Ungulata
语种	英语
来源机构	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/132748
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Milne-Rostkowska F.,Holeksa J.,Bogdziewicz M.,et al. Where can palatable young trees escape herbivore pressure in a protected forest?[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2020,472.
APA	Milne-Rostkowska F..,Holeksa J..,Bogdziewicz M..,Piechnik Ł..,Seget B..,...&Żywiec M..(2020).Where can palatable young trees escape herbivore pressure in a protected forest?.,472.
MLA	Milne-Rostkowska F.,et al."Where can palatable young trees escape herbivore pressure in a protected forest?".472(2020).