气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Key Uncertainties in the Recent Air-Sea Flux of CO2

CCPortal

DOI	10.1029/2018GB006041
	Key Uncertainties in the Recent Air-Sea Flux of CO2
	Woolf D.K.; Shutler J.D.; Goddijn-Murphy L.; Watson A.J.; Chapron B.; Nightingale P.D.; Donlon C.J.; Piskozub J.; Yelland M.J.; Ashton I.; Holding T.; Schuster U.; Girard-Ardhuin F.; Grouazel A.; Piolle J.-F.; Warren M.; Wrobel-Niedzwiecka I.; Land P.E.; Torres R.; Prytherch J.; Moat B.; Hanafin J.; Ardhuin F.; Paul F.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0886-6236
EISSN	1944-9224
起始页码	1548
结束页码	1563
卷号	33 期号:12
英文摘要	The contemporary air-sea flux of CO2 is investigated by the use of an air-sea flux equation, with particular attention to the uncertainties in global values and their origin with respect to that equation. In particular, uncertainties deriving from the transfer velocity and from sparse upper ocean sampling are investigated. Eight formulations of air-sea gas transfer velocity are used to evaluate the combined standard uncertainty resulting from several sources of error. Depending on expert opinion, a standard uncertainty in transfer velocity of either ~5% or ~10% can be argued and that will contribute a proportional error in air-sea flux. The limited sampling of upper ocean fCO2 is readily apparent in the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas databases. The effect of sparse sampling on the calculated fluxes was investigated by a bootstrap method, that is, treating each ship cruise to an oceanic region as a random episode and creating 10 synthetic data sets by randomly selecting episodes with replacement. Convincing values of global net air-sea flux can only be achieved using upper ocean data collected over several decades but referenced to a standard year. The global annual referenced values are robust to sparse sampling, but seasonal and regional values exhibit more sampling uncertainty. Additional uncertainties are related to thermal and haline effects and to aspects of air-sea gas exchange not captured by standard models. An estimate of global net CO2 exchange referenced to 2010 of −3.0 ± 0.6 Pg C/year is proposed, where the uncertainty derives primarily from uncertainty in the transfer velocity. ©2019. The Authors.
英文关键词	air-sea flux; Carbon dioxide; sampling; transfer velocity; uncertainty
语种	英语
scopus关键词	air sampling; atmosphere-ocean coupling; carbon dioxide; error analysis; expert system; seasonality; uncertainty analysis
来源期刊	Global Biogeochemical Cycles
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/129694
作者单位	International Centre for Island Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Orkney, United Kingdom; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, United Kingdom; Ifremer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, Brest, France; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom; European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland; National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom; College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Now at Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Now at Irish Centre for High-End Computing, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Woolf D.K.,Shutler J.D.,Goddijn-Murphy L.,et al. Key Uncertainties in the Recent Air-Sea Flux of CO2[J],2019,33(12).
APA	Woolf D.K..,Shutler J.D..,Goddijn-Murphy L..,Watson A.J..,Chapron B..,...&Paul F..(2019).Key Uncertainties in the Recent Air-Sea Flux of CO2.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,33(12).
MLA	Woolf D.K.,et al."Key Uncertainties in the Recent Air-Sea Flux of CO2".Global Biogeochemical Cycles 33.12(2019).