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DOI	10.1038/s41561-019-0372-0
	Hydrogeological constraints on the formation of Palaeoproterozoic banded iron formations
	Robbins L.J.; Funk S.P.; Flynn S.L.; Warchola T.J.; Li Z.; Lalonde S.V.; Rostron B.J.; Smith A.J.B.; Beukes N.J.; de Kock M.O.; Heaman L.M.; Alessi D.S.; Konhauser K.O.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17520894
卷号	12 期号:7
英文摘要	Banded iron formations are critical to track changes in Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic ocean chemistry, with deposition triggered by water column iron oxidation. Recently, however, it was suggested that reduced iron minerals were the primary precipitates, and these were subsequently oxidized by oxygen-bearing groundwater. If true, this would cast doubt on our understanding of how banded iron formations were deposited and their ability to record early ocean chemistry. Here we present a hydrogeological box model, based on the approximately 2.5 billion year old Hamersley Basin of Western Australia, developed to evaluate the plausibility of secondary iron oxidation. The box model calculates the time required for groundwater to flux enough oxygen through the basin to oxidize a given amount of ferrous iron. Less than 9% of nearly four million model iterations returned oxidation times less than the age of the basin. Successful simulations required simultaneously steep hydraulic gradients, high permeability and elevated oxygen concentrations. Our simulations show that the postdepositional oxidation of large banded iron formations is unlikely, except on a limited scale (that is, during secondary ore formation), and that oxidized iron phases were probably the precursor to large Palaeoproterozoic banded iron formations. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Archean; groundwater; hydrogeology; iron; oxidation; Proterozoic; water column; Australia; Hamersley Basin; Western Australia
来源期刊	Nature Geoscience
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/124641
作者单位	Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; China University of Geosciences, State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; European Institute for Marine Studies, CNRS-UMR6538 Laboratoire Géosciences Océan, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France; Paleoproterozoic Mineralization Research Group, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology – National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Integrated Mineral and Energy Resource Analysis, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Robbins L.J.,Funk S.P.,Flynn S.L.,et al. Hydrogeological constraints on the formation of Palaeoproterozoic banded iron formations[J],2019,12(7).
APA	Robbins L.J..,Funk S.P..,Flynn S.L..,Warchola T.J..,Li Z..,...&Konhauser K.O..(2019).Hydrogeological constraints on the formation of Palaeoproterozoic banded iron formations.Nature Geoscience,12(7).
MLA	Robbins L.J.,et al."Hydrogeological constraints on the formation of Palaeoproterozoic banded iron formations".Nature Geoscience 12.7(2019).