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DOI	10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y
	Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions
	Brönnimann S.; Franke J.; Nussbaumer S.U.; Zumbühl H.J.; Steiner D.; Trachsel M.; Hegerl G.C.; Schurer A.; Worni M.; Malik A.; Flückiger J.; Raible C.C.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17520894
卷号	12 期号:8
英文摘要	During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in the 1820s and 1830s have received less attention. Here we analyse the effect of the sequence of eruptions in observations, global three-dimensional climate field reconstructions and coupled climate model simulations. All the eruptions were followed by substantial drops of summer temperature over the Northern Hemisphere land areas. In addition to the direct radiative effect, which lasts 2–3 years, the simulated ocean–atmosphere heat exchange sustained cooling for several years after these eruptions, which affected the slow components of the climate system. Africa was hit by two decades of drought, global monsoons weakened and the tracks of low-pressure systems over the North Atlantic moved south. The low temperatures and increased precipitation in Europe triggered the last phase of the advance of Alpine glaciers. Only after the 1850s did the transition into the period of anthropogenic warming start. We conclude that the end of the Little Ice Age was marked by the recovery from a sequence of volcanic eruptions, which makes it difficult to define a single pre-industrial baseline. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	atmosphere-ocean system; climate effect; climate modeling; Little Ice Age; low pressure system; low temperature; Northern Hemisphere; precipitation (climatology); temperature; valley glacier; volcanic eruption; Africa; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (North); Europe; Indonesia; Lesser Sunda Islands; Sumbawa; Tambora; West Nusa Tenggara
来源期刊	Nature Geoscience
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/124628
作者单位	Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Bern University of Teacher Education, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Brönnimann S.,Franke J.,Nussbaumer S.U.,et al. Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions[J],2019,12(8).
APA	Brönnimann S..,Franke J..,Nussbaumer S.U..,Zumbühl H.J..,Steiner D..,...&Raible C.C..(2019).Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions.Nature Geoscience,12(8).
MLA	Brönnimann S.,et al."Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions".Nature Geoscience 12.8(2019).