气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Seasonal and annual mass balances of Mera and Pokalde glaciers (Nepal Himalaya) since 2007

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DOI	10.5194/tc-7-1769-2013
	Seasonal and annual mass balances of Mera and Pokalde glaciers (Nepal Himalaya) since 2007
	Wagnon P.; Vincent C.; Arnaud Y.; Berthier E.; Vuillermoz E.; Gruber S.; Ménégoz M.; Gilbert A.; Dumont M.; Shea J.M.; Stumm D.; Pokhrel B.K.
发表日期	2013
ISSN	19940416
卷号	7 期号:6
英文摘要	In the Everest region, Nepal, ground-based monitoring programmes were started on the debris-free Mera Glacier (27.7°N, 86.9°E; 5.1 km 2, 6420 to 4940 m a.s.l.) in 2007 and on the small Pokalde Glacier (27.9°N, 86.8°E; 0.1 km2, 5690 to 5430 m a.s.l., ∼ 25 km north of Mera Glacier) in 2009. These glaciers lie on the southern flank of the central Himalaya under the direct influence of the Indian monsoon and receive more than 80% of their annual precipitation in summer (June to September). Despite a large inter-annual variability with glacier-wide mass balances ranging from -0.67 ± 0.28 m w.e. in 2011-2012 (Equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) at ∼ 5800 m a.s.l.) to +0.46 ± 0.28 m w.e. in 2010-2011 (ELA at ∼ 5340 m a.s.l.), Mera Glacier has been shrinking at a moderate mass balance rate of -0.08 ± 0.28 m w.e. yr-1 since 2007. Ice fluxes measured at two distinct transverse cross sections at ∼ 5350 m a.s.l. and ∼ 5520 m a.s.l. confirm that the mean state of this glacier over the last one or two decades corresponds to a limited mass loss, in agreement with remotely-sensed region-wide mass balances of the Everest area. Seasonal mass balance measurements show that ablation and accumulation are concomitant in summer which in turn is the key season controlling the annual glacier-wide mass balance. Unexpectedly, ablation occurs at all elevations in winter due to wind erosion and sublimation, with remobilised snow potentially being sublimated in the atmosphere. Between 2009 and 2012, the small Pokalde Glacier lost mass more rapidly than Mera Glacier with respective mean glacier-wide mass balances of -0.72 and -0.23 ± 0.28 m w.e. yr-1. Low-elevation glaciers, such as Pokalde Glacier, have been usually preferred for in-situ observations in Nepal and more generally in the Himalayas, which may explain why compilations of ground-based mass balances are biased toward negative values compared with the regional mean under the present-day climate. © 2013 Author(s). CC Attribution 3.0 License.
学科领域	ablation; accumulation rate; cryosphere; glacier mass balance; ice flow; remote sensing; seasonality; sublimation; wind erosion; Himalayas; Janakpur; Mera Glacier; Nepal; Pokalde Glacier
语种	英语
scopus关键词	ablation; accumulation rate; cryosphere; glacier mass balance; ice flow; remote sensing; seasonality; sublimation; wind erosion; Himalayas; Janakpur; Mera Glacier; Nepal; Pokalde Glacier
来源期刊	Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/120235
作者单位	IRD/UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/G-INP, LTHE UMR5564, LGGE UMR5183, Grenoble, 38402, France; ICIMOD, GPO Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal; UJF - Grenoble 1/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement (LGGE) UMR5183, Grenoble, 38041, France; LEGOS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 14 av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France; Ev-K2-CNR Committee, Via San Bernardino, 145 - 24126 Bergamo, Italy; Météo-France - CNRS, CNRM - GAME UMR3589, CEN, Grenoble, France; DHM, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wagnon P.,Vincent C.,Arnaud Y.,et al. Seasonal and annual mass balances of Mera and Pokalde glaciers (Nepal Himalaya) since 2007[J],2013,7(6).
APA	Wagnon P..,Vincent C..,Arnaud Y..,Berthier E..,Vuillermoz E..,...&Pokhrel B.K..(2013).Seasonal and annual mass balances of Mera and Pokalde glaciers (Nepal Himalaya) since 2007.Cryosphere,7(6).
MLA	Wagnon P.,et al."Seasonal and annual mass balances of Mera and Pokalde glaciers (Nepal Himalaya) since 2007".Cryosphere 7.6(2013).