气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/tc-9-2271-2015
	Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes
	Wever N.; Schmid L.; Heilig A.; Eisen O.; Fierz C.; Lehning M.
发表日期	2015
ISSN	19940416
卷号	9 期号:6
英文摘要	The widely used detailed SNOWPACK model has undergone constant development over the years. A notable recent extension is the introduction of a Richards equation (RE) solver as an alternative for the bucket-type approach for describing water transport in the snow and soil layers. In addition, continuous updates of snow settling and new snow density parameterizations have changed model behavior. This study presents a detailed evaluation of model performance against a comprehensive multiyear data set from Weissfluhjoch near Davos, Switzerland. The data set is collected by automatic meteorological and snowpack measurements and manual snow profiles. During the main winter season, snow height (RMSE: < 4.2 cm), snow water equivalent (SWE, RMSE: < 40 mm w.e.), snow temperature distributions (typical deviation with measurements: < 1.0 °C) and snow density (typical deviation with observations: < 50 kg m-3) as well as their temporal evolution are well simulated in the model and the influence of the two water transport schemes is small. The RE approach reproduces internal differences over capillary barriers but fails to predict enough grain growth since the growth routines have been calibrated using the bucket scheme in the original SNOWPACK model. However, the agreement in both density and grain size is sufficient to parameterize the hydraulic properties successfully. In the melt season, a pronounced underestimation of typically 200 mm w.e. in SWE is found. The discrepancies between the simulations and the field data are generally larger than the differences between the two water transport schemes. Nevertheless, the detailed comparison of the internal snowpack structure shows that the timing of internal temperature and water dynamics is adequately and better represented with the new RE approach when compared to the conventional bucket scheme. On the contrary, the progress of the meltwater front in the snowpack as detected by radar and the temporal evolution of the vertical distribution of melt forms in manually observed snow profiles do not support this conclusion. This discrepancy suggests that the implementation of RE partly mimics preferential flow effects. © 2015 Author(s).
学科领域	computer simulation; flow modeling; meltwater; numerical model; Richards equation; snow cover; snow water equivalent; snowpack; winter; Graubunden; Switzerland; Weissfluhjoch
语种	英语
scopus关键词	computer simulation; flow modeling; meltwater; numerical model; Richards equation; snow cover; snow water equivalent; snowpack; winter; Graubunden; Switzerland; Weissfluhjoch
来源期刊	Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/119774
作者单位	WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, Davos Dorf, 7260, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wever N.,Schmid L.,Heilig A.,et al. Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes[J],2015,9(6).
APA	Wever N.,Schmid L.,Heilig A.,Eisen O.,Fierz C.,&Lehning M..(2015).Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes.Cryosphere,9(6).
MLA	Wever N.,et al."Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes".Cryosphere 9.6(2015).