气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Evaluation of snow depth and snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau in global reanalyses using in situ and satellite remote sensing observations

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/tc-13-2221-2019
	Evaluation of snow depth and snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau in global reanalyses using in situ and satellite remote sensing observations
	Orsolini Y.; Wegmann M.; Dutra E.; Liu B.; Balsamo G.; Yang K.; De Rosnay P.; Zhu C.; Wang W.; Senan R.; Arduini G.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	19940416
EISSN	13
起始页码	2221
结束页码	2239
卷号	13 期号:8
英文摘要	The Tibetan Plateau (TP) region, often referred to as the Third Pole, is the world's highest plateau and exerts a considerable influence on regional and global climate. The state of the snowpack over the TP is a major research focus due to its great impact on the headwaters of a dozen major Asian rivers. While many studies have attempted to validate atmospheric reanalyses over the TP area in terms of temperature or precipitation, there have been - remarkably - no studies aimed at systematically comparing the snow depth or snow cover in global reanalyses with satellite and in situ data. Yet, snow in reanalyses provides critical surface information for forecast systems from the medium to sub-seasonal timescales. Here, snow depth and snow cover from four recent global reanalysis products, namely the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 and ERA-Interim reanalyses, the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) and the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2), are intercompared over the TP region. The reanalyses are evaluated against a set of 33 in situ station observations, as well as against the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) snow cover and a satellite microwave snow depth dataset. The high temporal correlation coefficient (0.78) between the IMS snow cover and the in situ observations provides confidence in the station data despite the relative paucity of in situ measurement sites and the harsh operating conditions. While several reanalyses show a systematic overestimation of the snow depth or snow cover, the reanalyses that assimilate local in situ observations or IMS snow cover are better capable of representing the shallow, transient snowpack over the TP region. The latter point is clearly demonstrated by examining the family of reanalyses from the ECMWF, of which only the older ERA-Interim assimilated IMS snow cover at high altitudes, while ERA5 did not consider IMS snow cover for high altitudes. We further tested the sensitivity of the ERA5-Land model in offline experiments, assessing the impact of blown snow sublimation, snow cover to snow depth conversion and, more importantly, excessive snowfall. These results suggest that excessive snowfall might be the primary factor for the large overestimation of snow depth and cover in ERA5 reanalysis. Pending a solution for this common model precipitation bias over the Himalayas and the TP, future snow reanalyses that optimally combine the use of satellite snow cover and in situ snow depth observations in the assimilation and analysis cycles have the potential to improve medium-range to sub-seasonal forecasts for water resources applications. © Author(s) 2019.
学科领域	global perspective; in situ measurement; observational method; remote sensing; satellite altimetry; snow; snow cover; snowpack; sublimation; timescale; weather forecasting; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
语种	英语
scopus关键词	global perspective; in situ measurement; observational method; remote sensing; satellite altimetry; snow; snow cover; snowpack; sublimation; timescale; weather forecasting; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
来源期刊	The Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/118847
作者单位	NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Institute of Climate System, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, United Kingdom; Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Orsolini Y.,Wegmann M.,Dutra E.,et al. Evaluation of snow depth and snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau in global reanalyses using in situ and satellite remote sensing observations[J],2019,13(8).
APA	Orsolini Y..,Wegmann M..,Dutra E..,Liu B..,Balsamo G..,...&Arduini G..(2019).Evaluation of snow depth and snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau in global reanalyses using in situ and satellite remote sensing observations.The Cryosphere,13(8).
MLA	Orsolini Y.,et al."Evaluation of snow depth and snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau in global reanalyses using in situ and satellite remote sensing observations".The Cryosphere 13.8(2019).