气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Modeling the evolution of the structural anisotropy of snow

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DOI	10.5194/tc-14-51-2020
	Modeling the evolution of the structural anisotropy of snow
	Kontu A.; Leinss S.; Löwe H.; Proksch M.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	19940416
EISSN	14
起始页码	51
结束页码	75
卷号	14 期号:1
英文摘要	The structural anisotropy of snow characterizes the spatially anisotropic distribution of the ice and air microstructure and is a key parameter for improving parameterizations of physical properties. To enable the use of the anisotropy in snowpack models as an internal variable, we propose a simple model based on a rate equation for the temporal evolution. The model is validated with a comprehensive set of anisotropy profiles and time series from X-ray microtomography (CT) and radar measurements. The model includes two effects, namely temperature gradient metamorphism and settling, and can be forced by any snowpack model that predicts temperature and density. First, we use CT time series from lab experiments to validate the proposed effect of temperature gradient metamorphism. Next, we use SNOWPACK simulations to calibrate the model with radar time series from the NoSREx campaigns in Sodankylä, Finland. Finally we compare the simulated anisotropy profiles against field-measured full-depth CT profiles. Our results confirm that the creation of vertical structures is mainly controlled by the vertical water vapor flux through the snow volume. Our results further indicate a yet undocumented effect of snow settling on the creation of horizontal structures. Overall the model is able to reproduce the characteristic anisotropy variations in radar time series of four different winter seasons with a very limited set of calibration parameters. © Author(s) 2020.
学科领域	calibration; metamorphism; modeling; snow cover; snowpack; temperature gradient; Finland
语种	英语
scopus关键词	calibration; metamorphism; modeling; snow cover; snowpack; temperature gradient; Finland
来源期刊	The Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/118784
作者单位	Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland; Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI, Arctic Research, Sodankylä, Finland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kontu A.,Leinss S.,Löwe H.,et al. Modeling the evolution of the structural anisotropy of snow[J],2020,14(1).
APA	Kontu A.,Leinss S.,Löwe H.,&Proksch M..(2020).Modeling the evolution of the structural anisotropy of snow.The Cryosphere,14(1).
MLA	Kontu A.,et al."Modeling the evolution of the structural anisotropy of snow".The Cryosphere 14.1(2020).