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DOI	10.1111/ele.12637
	The mechanical defence advantage of small seeds
	Fricke E.C.; Wright S.J.
发表日期	2016
ISSN	1461-023X
EISSN	1461-0248
卷号	19 期号:8
英文摘要	Seed size and toughness affect seed predators, and size-dependent investment in mechanical defence could affect relationships between seed size and predation. We tested how seed toughness and mechanical defence traits (tissue density and protective tissue content) are related to seed size among tropical forest species. Absolute toughness increased with seed size. However, smaller seeds had higher specific toughness both within and among species, with the smallest seeds requiring over 2000 times more energy per gram to break than the largest seeds. Investment in mechanical defence traits varied widely but independently of the toughness-mass allometry. Instead, a physical scaling relationship confers a toughness advantage on small seeds independent of selection on defence traits and without a direct cost. This scaling relationship may contribute to seed size diversity by decreasing fitness differences among large and small seeds. Allometric scaling of toughness reconciles predictions and conflicting empirical relationships between seed size and predation. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.
英文关键词	Allometric scaling; Functional traits; Intraspecific variation; Optimal foraging; Seed defence; Seed predation
学科领域	anatomy and histology; animal; germination; physiology; plant seed; species difference; Animals; Germination; Seeds; Species Specificity
语种	英语
scopus关键词	anatomy and histology; animal; germination; physiology; plant seed; species difference; Animals; Germination; Seeds; Species Specificity
来源期刊	Ecology Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/118518
作者单位	Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Fricke E.C.,Wright S.J.. The mechanical defence advantage of small seeds[J],2016,19(8).
APA	Fricke E.C.,&Wright S.J..(2016).The mechanical defence advantage of small seeds.Ecology Letters,19(8).
MLA	Fricke E.C.,et al."The mechanical defence advantage of small seeds".Ecology Letters 19.8(2016).