气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Forest law enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon: Costs and income effects

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.021
	Forest law enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon: Costs and income effects
	Börner J.; Wunder S.; Wertz-Kanounnikoff S.; Hyman G.; Nascimento N.
发表日期	2014
ISSN	0959-3780
卷号	29
英文摘要	Despite recent success in reducing forest loss in the Brazilian Amazon, additional forest conservation efforts, for example, through 'Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation' (REDD+), could significantly contribute to global climate-change mitigation. Economic incentives, such as payments for environmental services could promote conservation, but deforestation often occurs on land without crucial tenure-security prerequisites. Improving the enforcement of existing regulatory disincentives thus represents an important element of Brazil's anti-deforestation action plan. However, conservation law enforcement costs and benefits have been much less studied than for conditional payments. We develop a conceptual framework and a spatially explicit model to analyze field-based regulatory enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon. We validate our model, based on historical deforestation and enforcement mission data from 2003 to 2008. By simulating the current conservation law enforcement practice, we analyze the costs of liability establishment and legal coercion for alternative conservation targets, and evaluate corresponding income impacts. Our findings suggest that spatial patterns of both deforestation and inspection costs markedly influence enforcement patterns and their income effects. Field-based enforcement is a highly cost-effective forest conservation instrument from a regulator's point of view, but comes at high opportunity costs for land users. Payments for environmental services could compensate costs, but will increase budget outlays vis-à-vis a command-and-control dominated strategy. Both legal and institutional challenges have to be overcome to make conservation payments work at a larger scale. Decision-makers may have to innovatively combine incentive and disincentive-based policy instruments in order to make tropical forest conservation both financially viable and socially compatible. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
英文关键词	Environmental policy mix; Forest conservation; Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+); Spatial enforcement model
语种	英语
来源期刊	Global Environmental Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/117736
作者单位	Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, 53113, Germany; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Rua do Russel 450/s.601, 22.210-010, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development, Paris, France; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia; Environmental consultant, Belém, Brazil
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Börner J.,Wunder S.,Wertz-Kanounnikoff S.,et al. Forest law enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon: Costs and income effects[J],2014,29.
APA	Börner J.,Wunder S.,Wertz-Kanounnikoff S.,Hyman G.,&Nascimento N..(2014).Forest law enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon: Costs and income effects.Global Environmental Change,29.
MLA	Börner J.,et al."Forest law enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon: Costs and income effects".Global Environmental Change 29(2014).