气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Unpacking the nexus: Different spatial scales for water, food and energy

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.11.005
	Unpacking the nexus: Different spatial scales for water, food and energy
	Bijl D.L.; Bogaart P.W.; Dekker S.C.; van Vuuren D.P.
发表日期	2018
ISSN	0959-3780
起始页码	22
结束页码	31
卷号	48
英文摘要	Recent years have shown increased awareness that the use of the basic resources water, food, and energy are highly interconnected (referred to as a ‘nexus’). Spatial scales are an important but complicating factor in nexus analyses, and should receive more attention – especially in the policy-oriented literature. In this paper, we ‘unpack' the nexus concept, aiming to understand the differences between water, food and energy resources, especially in terms of spatial scales. We use physical indicators to show the differences in terms of absolute magnitude of production and the distance and volume of physical trade, for seven resource categories: water withdrawal, crops, animal products, bio-energy, coal, oil, and natural gas. We hypothesize that the differences in trade extent are related to physical characteristics of these resources: we expect high priced, high density, geographically concentrated resources to be traded more and over longer distances. We found that these factors, taken together, can explain some of the differences in trade extent (and thus spatial scale involved), although for each individual factor there are exceptions. We further explore the spatial scales by showing the bidirectional physical trade flows at the continental scale for crops, animal products, bio-energy and fossil fuels. We also visualize how nexus resources are directly dependent on each other, using a Sankey diagram. Since both direct dependencies and physical trade are present, we investigate the role of resource-saving imports, which is a form of virtual trade. The resource-saving imports highlight the importance of continental and global scales for nexus analyses. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Global models; Integrated assessment models; International trade; Spatial scales; Sustainability; Virtual trade; Water-food-energy nexus
学科领域	assessment method; energy; food; fossil fuel; global perspective; integrated approach; international trade; numerical model; policy making; spatial analysis; sustainability; trade flow; water; Animalia
语种	英语
scopus关键词	assessment method; energy; food; fossil fuel; global perspective; integrated approach; international trade; numerical model; policy making; spatial analysis; sustainability; trade flow; water; Animalia
来源期刊	Global Environmental change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/117191
作者单位	Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, CS 3584, Netherlands; CBS Statistics Netherlands, PO Box 24500, Den Haag, HA 2490, Netherlands; PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, PO Box 30314, Den Haag, GH 2500, Netherlands
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bijl D.L.,Bogaart P.W.,Dekker S.C.,et al. Unpacking the nexus: Different spatial scales for water, food and energy[J],2018,48.
APA	Bijl D.L.,Bogaart P.W.,Dekker S.C.,&van Vuuren D.P..(2018).Unpacking the nexus: Different spatial scales for water, food and energy.Global Environmental change,48.
MLA	Bijl D.L.,et al."Unpacking the nexus: Different spatial scales for water, food and energy".Global Environmental change 48(2018).