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DOI | 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.11.003 |
Criteria for effective zero-deforestation commitments | |
Garrett R.D.; Levy S.; Carlson K.M.; Gardner T.A.; Godar J.; Clapp J.; Dauvergne P.; Heilmayr R.; le Polain de Waroux Y.; Ayre B.; Barr R.; Døvre B.; Gibbs H.K.; Hall S.; Lake S.; Milder J.C.; Rausch L.L.; Rivero R.; Rueda X.; Sarsfield R.; Soares-Filho B.; Villoria N. | |
发表日期 | 2019 |
ISSN | 0959-3780 |
起始页码 | 135 |
结束页码 | 147 |
卷号 | 54 |
英文摘要 | Zero-deforestation commitments are a type of voluntary sustainability initiative that companies adopt to signal their intention to reduce or eliminate deforestation associated with commodities that they produce, trade, and/or sell. Because each company defines its own zero-deforestation commitment goals and implementation mechanisms, commitment content varies widely. This creates challenges for the assessment of commitment implementation or effectiveness. Here, we develop criteria to assess the potential effectiveness of zero-deforestation commitments at reducing deforestation within a company supply chain, regionally, and globally. We apply these criteria to evaluate 52 zero-deforestation commitments made by companies identified by Forest 500 as having high deforestation risk. While our assessment indicates that existing commitments converge with several criteria for effectiveness, they fall short in a few key ways. First, they cover just a small share of the global market for deforestation-risk commodities, which means that their global impact is likely to be small. Second, biome-wide implementation is only achieved in the Brazilian Amazon. Outside this region, implementation occurs mainly through certification programs, which are not adopted by all producers and lack third-party near-real time deforestation monitoring. Additionally, around half of all commitments include zero-net deforestation targets and future implementation deadlines, both of which are design elements that may reduce effectiveness. Zero-net targets allow promises of future reforestation to compensate for current forest loss, while future implementation deadlines allow for preemptive clearing. To increase the likelihood that commitments will lead to reduced deforestation across all scales, more companies should adopt zero-gross deforestation targets with immediate implementation deadlines and clear sanction-based implementation mechanisms in biomes with high risk of forest to commodity conversion. © 2018 The Authors |
英文关键词 | Agriculture; Conservation; Forestry; Supply chain; Sustainability standards; Voluntary environmental policies |
学科领域 | agriculture; assessment method; certification; commodity; conservation; deforestation; environmental policy; forestry; reforestation; risk; standard (regulation); supply chain management; sustainability; Amazonia; Brazil |
语种 | 英语 |
scopus关键词 | agriculture; assessment method; certification; commodity; conservation; deforestation; environmental policy; forestry; reforestation; risk; standard (regulation); supply chain management; sustainability; Amazonia; Brazil |
来源期刊 | Global Environmental change |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/117063 |
作者单位 | Department of Earth and Environment and Global Development Policy Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States; Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Department of Political Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Environmental Studies Program, Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Institute for the Study of International Development and Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Global Canopy, Oxford, United Kingdom; N. America Office of The Forest Trust (TFT), Seattle, United States; Department of Geography and Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; National Wildlife Federation, National Advoca... |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Garrett R.D.,Levy S.,Carlson K.M.,et al. Criteria for effective zero-deforestation commitments[J],2019,54. |
APA | Garrett R.D..,Levy S..,Carlson K.M..,Gardner T.A..,Godar J..,...&Villoria N..(2019).Criteria for effective zero-deforestation commitments.Global Environmental change,54. |
MLA | Garrett R.D.,et al."Criteria for effective zero-deforestation commitments".Global Environmental change 54(2019). |
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